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1.A Molecular Orbital Investigation of the Wacker Process
for the Oxidation of Ethylene to Acetaldehyde
2.The oxidation of ethylene to acetaldehyde in the presence of [PdCL]2- has been studied using a CNDO-based method. A new reaction path is postulated involving the intermediate  complex [C2H4PdCl]-. The reaction sequence is initiated by the introduction of a water molecule at each of the available coordination sites of the metal perpendicular to the plane of the
ethylene palladium trichloride anion. The chloride ligand trans to the coordinat,ed ethylene is displaced by an entering water molecule. The departing halide extracts a proton from the second water and the generated hydroxyl ligand reacts with the ethylene, while remaining in
the coordination sphere of the metal. This rate-determining step yields a ,%hydroxyethyl palladium species as an intermediate and this can transform by a series of hydrogen shifts  into a weak complex of acetaldehyde and palladium(O). Reasons are presented for the greater  catalytic efficiency of [PdClJ+ relative t¡¯o [PtCI$- and for the inability of nickel and titanium
complexes to catalyze the reaction.

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1.A Molecular Orbital Investigation of the Wacker Process
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The Wacker process or the Hoechst-Wacker process (named after the chemical companies of the same name) originally referred to the oxidation of ethylene to acetaldehyde by oxygen in water in the presence of a tetrachloropalladate catalyst.[1] The same basic reaction is currently used to produce aldehydes and ketones from a number of alkenes with the Monsanto process for producing acetic acid. This chemical reaction, a German invention, was the first organometallic and organopalladium reaction applied on an industrial scale. The Wacker process is similar to hydroformylation, which is also an industrial process and also leads to aldehyde compounds
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1.A Molecular Orbital Investigation of the Wacker Process for the Oxidation of Ethylene to Acetaldehyde
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A new reaction path is postulated involving the intermediate  complex [C2H4PdCl]-.
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The reaction sequence is initiated by the introduction of a water molecule at each of the available coordination sites of the metal perpendicular to the plane of the ethylene palladium trichloride anion.
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The chloride ligand trans to the coordinated ethylene is displaced by an entering water molecule.
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The departing halide extracts a proton from the second water and the generated hydroxyl ligand reacts with the ethylene, while remaining in the coordination sphere of the metal.
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This rate-determining step yields a % hydroxyethyl palladium species as an intermediate and this can transform by a series of hydrogen shifts  into a weak complex of acetaldehyde and palladium(O).
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Reasons are presented for the greater  catalytic efficiency of [PdClJ+ relative t¡¯o [PtCI$- and for the inability of nickel and titanium complexes to catalyze the reaction.
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1.A Molecular Orbital Investigation of the Wacker Processfor the Oxidation of Ethylene to Acetaldehyde
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2.The oxidation of ethylene to acetaldehyde in the presence of [PdCL]2- has been studied using a CNDO-based method. A new reaction path is postulated involving the intermediate  complex [C2H4PdCl]-. The reaction sequence is initiated by the introduction of a water molecule at each of the available coordination sites of the metal perpendicular to the plane of the
ethylene palladium trichloride anion. The chloride ligand trans to the coordinat,ed ethylene is displaced by an entering water molecule. The departing halide extracts a proton from the second water and the generated hydroxyl ligand reacts with the ethylene, while remaining in
the coordination sphere of the metal. This rate-determining step yields a ,%hydroxyethyl palladium species as an intermediate and this can transform by a series of hydrogen shifts  into a weak complex of acetaldehyde and palladium(O). Reasons are presented for the greater  catalytic efficiency of [PdClJ+ relative t¡¯o [PtCI$- and for the inability of nickel and titanium
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