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1.A Molecular Orbital Investigation of the Wacker Process for the Oxidation of Ethylene to Acetaldehyde 2.The oxidation of ethylene to acetaldehyde in the presence of [PdCL]2- has been studied using a CNDO-based method. A new reaction path is postulated involving the intermediate complex [C2H4PdCl]-. The reaction sequence is initiated by the introduction of a water molecule at each of the available coordination sites of the metal perpendicular to the plane of the ethylene palladium trichloride anion. The chloride ligand trans to the coordinat,ed ethylene is displaced by an entering water molecule. The departing halide extracts a proton from the second water and the generated hydroxyl ligand reacts with the ethylene, while remaining in the coordination sphere of the metal. This rate-determining step yields a ,%hydroxyethyl palladium species as an intermediate and this can transform by a series of hydrogen shifts into a weak complex of acetaldehyde and palladium(O). Reasons are presented for the greater catalytic efficiency of [PdClJ+ relative t¡¯o [PtCI$- and for the inability of nickel and titanium complexes to catalyze the reaction. |
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705506(½ð±Ò+5,VIP+0):»¹²»´í 4-28 11:01
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1.A Molecular Orbital Investigation of the Wacker Process for the Oxidation of Ethylene to Acetaldehyde 1. ÒÒÏ©Ñõ»¯³ÉÒÒÈ©µÄWacker¹ý³ÌµÄ·Ö×Ó¹ìµÀÑо¿ |

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| 2. ÓûùÓÚCNDO·½·¨Ñо¿ÁËÔÚ[PdCl]2-´æÔÚÏÂÒÒÏ©Ñõ»¯µ½ÒÒÈ©¡£Ìá³öÁËÉæ¼°µ½[C2H4PdCl]-ÖмäÌåÅäºÏÎïµÄÒ»¸öеķ´Ó¦Í¾¾¶µÄ¼ÙÉè¡£¸Ã·´Ó¦µÄ¹ý³ÌÊÇÓÉË®·Ö×ÓµÄÒý·¢¶ø¿ªÊ¼£¬¸ÃË®·Ö×ÓλÓÚÓëÒÒÏ©»ùÈýÂÈ»¯îÙÒõÀë×Ó´¹Ö±µÄÿһ¸ö¿ÉÅäλµÄ½ðÊôÉÏ¡£Î»ÓÚÅäλµÄÒÒÏ©·´Î»µÄÂÈÀë×ÓÅäÌå±»Ò»¸ö½øÈëµÄË®·Ö×ÓÈ¡´ú¡£À뿪µÄ±Àë×Ó´ÓµÚ¶þ¸öË®·Ö×ӵõ½Ò»¸öÖÊ×Ó£¬²úÉúµÄôÇ»ùÅäÌåͬÒÒÏ©·´Ó¦£¬ÁôÔÚÁ˽ðÊôµÄÅäλ²ã¡£Õâ¸öËÙÂÊ¿ØÖƲ½Öè²úÉúÁË×÷ΪÖмäÌåµÄôÇÒÒ»ùîÙµÄÎïÖÖ£¬¶øÕâ¸öת»»ÊÇͨ¹ýÒ»Á¬´®µÄÇâÇ¨ÒÆµ½ÒÒÈ©ºÍîÙµÄÈõÅäλµÄÅäºÏÎïÍê³ÉµÄ¡£Ìá³öÁËÏà¶ÔÓÚ[PtCI$-µÄ[PdClJ+Óиü¸ßµÄ´ß»¯Ð§ÂʵÄÔÒòÒÔ¼°ÄøºÍîÑÅäºÏÎï²»ÄÜ´ß»¯Õâ¸ö·´Ó¦µÄÔÒò¡£ |

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| The Wacker process or the Hoechst-Wacker process (named after the chemical companies of the same name) originally referred to the oxidation of ethylene to acetaldehyde by oxygen in water in the presence of a tetrachloropalladate catalyst.[1] The same basic reaction is currently used to produce aldehydes and ketones from a number of alkenes with the Monsanto process for producing acetic acid. This chemical reaction, a German invention, was the first organometallic and organopalladium reaction applied on an industrial scale. The Wacker process is similar to hydroformylation, which is also an industrial process and also leads to aldehyde compounds |

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705506(½ð±Ò+19,VIP+0):¹ÄÀø 4-28 11:07
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1.A Molecular Orbital Investigation of the Wacker Process for the Oxidation of Ethylene to Acetaldehyde ÒÒÏ©Ñõ»¯³ÉÒÒÈ©µÄWacker½ø³ÌµÄ·Ö×Ó¹ìµÀÑо¿ 2.The oxidation of ethylene to acetaldehyde in the presence of [PdCL]2- has been studied using a CNDO-based method. ÔÚ[PdCL]2´æÔÚµÄÌõ¼þÏ£¬Ê¹ÓÃCNDO ·½·¨Ñо¿ÁËÒÒÏ©Ñõ»¯³ÉÒÒÈ©¡£ A new reaction path is postulated involving the intermediate complex [C2H4PdCl]-. ͬʱÌá³öÁËÉæ¼°[C2H4PdCl]-ÖмäÌåÅäºÏÎïµÄÒ»¸öз´Ó¦¼Ù˵¡£ The reaction sequence is initiated by the introduction of a water molecule at each of the available coordination sites of the metal perpendicular to the plane of the ethylene palladium trichloride anion. ¸Ã·´Ó¦µÄ¹ý³ÌÓÉË®·Ö×ÓÒý·¢¿ªÊ¼£¬¸ÃË®·Ö×ÓÔÚÓëÒÒÏ©»ùÈýÂÈ»¯îÙÒõÀë×Ó´¹Ö±µÄ¿ÉÅäλµÄ½ðÊôÉÏλµãÉÏ¡£ The chloride ligand trans to the coordinated ethylene is displaced by an entering water molecule. ·´ÏòÅäλµÄÒÒÏ©ÂÈÀë×ÓÅäÌå±»Ò»¸ö½øÈëµÄË®·Ö×ÓÈ¡´ú¡£ The departing halide extracts a proton from the second water and the generated hydroxyl ligand reacts with the ethylene, while remaining in the coordination sphere of the metal. ·Ö¿ªµÄ±»¯Îï´ÓµÚ¶þ¸öË®·Ö×ӵõ½Ò»¸öÖÊ×Ó£¬Í¬Ê±²úÉúµÄôÇ»ùÅäºÏÌåÓëÒÒÏ©·´Ó¦£¬ÁôÔÚÁ˽ðÊôµÄÅäÎ»ÇøÄÚ¡£ This rate-determining step yields a % hydroxyethyl palladium species as an intermediate and this can transform by a series of hydrogen shifts into a weak complex of acetaldehyde and palladium(O). Õâ¸öËÙÂÊ¿ØÖƲ½Öè²úÉúÁË×÷ΪÖмäÌåµÄÒÒÍé»ùîÙ£¬¶ø×ª»»ÊÇͨ¹ýÒ»Á¬´®µÄÇâ×ªÒÆµ½ÒÒÈ©ºÍîÙµÄÈõÅäºÏÎïÍê³ÉµÄ¡£ Reasons are presented for the greater catalytic efficiency of [PdClJ+ relative t¡¯o [PtCI$- and for the inability of nickel and titanium complexes to catalyze the reaction. ·ÖÎöÁËÏà¶ÔÓÚ[PtCI$-µÄ[PdClJ+Óиü¸ß´ß»¯Ð§ÂÊÒÔ¼°ÄøºÍîÑÅäºÏÎï²»ÄÜ´ß»¯Õâ¸ö·´Ó¦µÄÔÒò¡£ |

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705506(½ð±Ò+30,VIP+0):лл 4-28 11:07
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1.A Molecular Orbital Investigation of the Wacker Processfor the Oxidation of Ethylene to Acetaldehyde 1. ·Ö×Ó¹ìµÀ·¨Ñо¿ÒÒÏ©Ñõ»¯ÖƱ¸ÒÒÈ©µÄWacker¹ý³Ì 2.The oxidation of ethylene to acetaldehyde in the presence of [PdCL]2- has been studied using a CNDO-based method. A new reaction path is postulated involving the intermediate complex [C2H4PdCl]-. The reaction sequence is initiated by the introduction of a water molecule at each of the available coordination sites of the metal perpendicular to the plane of the ethylene palladium trichloride anion. The chloride ligand trans to the coordinat,ed ethylene is displaced by an entering water molecule. The departing halide extracts a proton from the second water and the generated hydroxyl ligand reacts with the ethylene, while remaining in the coordination sphere of the metal. This rate-determining step yields a ,%hydroxyethyl palladium species as an intermediate and this can transform by a series of hydrogen shifts into a weak complex of acetaldehyde and palladium(O). Reasons are presented for the greater catalytic efficiency of [PdClJ+ relative t¡¯o [PtCI$- and for the inability of nickel and titanium complexes to catalyze the reaction. ÒѾÓÐÈËÓûùÓÚCNDOµÄ·½·¨Ñо¿ÁË[PdCL]2-´æÔÚÏÂÒÒÏ©Ñõ»¯³ÉÒÒÈ©¹ý³Ì£¬ËûÃǼÙÉèµÄÒ»ÖÖз´Ó¦Â·¾¶Éæ¼°[C2H4PdCl]-ÖмäÅäºÏÎï¡£¸Ã·´Ó¦Í¨¹ý´¹Ö±ÓÚÈýÂÈ»¯îÙÒÒÏ©ÒõÀë×ÓÆ½ÃæµÄ½ðÊôÅäλλµã¸÷Òý½øÒ»¸öË®·Ö×ÓÒý·¢£¬½øÈëµÄË®·Ö×ÓÔÙÖû»×ªÒƵ½ÅäλÒÒÏ©ÉϵÄÂÈÅäÌ壬ȻºóÀëÈ¥µÄÂÈ´ÓÁíÍâÒ»¸öË®·Ö×ÓÉÏ»ñµÃÒ»¸öÖÊ×Ó£¬²úÉúôÇ»ùÅäÌå½øÒ»²½ÓëÒÒÏ©·´Ó¦£¬ÕâʱÒÒÏ©ÈÔÈ»Óë½ðÊôÖÐÐÄÅäλ¡£Õâ¸ö¾ö¶¨·´Ó¦ËÙÂʵIJ½ÖèµÃµ½ôÇ»ùÒÒÏ©îÙÖмäÌ壬¿ÉÒÔÓë¸÷ÖÖÎ»ÒÆµÄÇâ·´Ó¦£¬Éú³ÉÒÒÈ©ÓëÁã¼ÛîÙµÄÈõÅäºÏÎï¡£Õâ¸ö»úÀí½âÊÍÁË[PdCl]2-±È [PtCI]6- ´ß»¯Ð§Âʸü¸ßµÄÔÒò£¬Í¬Ê±Ò²½âÊÍÁËΪºÎNiÓëTi½ðÊôÅäºÏÎï²»ÄÜ´ß»¯ÒÒÏ©Ñõ»¯ÖÆÒÒÈ©¹¤ÒÕ¡£ |
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