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中国独特概念词翻译总汇
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三十六计的英文表达方法 三十六计(Thirty-Six Stratagems) 1.瞒天过海crossing the sea under camouflage 2.围魏救赵relieving the state of Zhao by besieging the state of Wei 3.借刀杀人killing someone with a borrowed knife 4.以逸待劳waiting at one’s ease for the exhausted enemy 5.趁火打劫plundering a burning house 6.声东击西making a feint to the east and attacking in the west 7.无中生有creating something out of nothing 8.暗渡陈仓advancing secretly by an unknown path 9.隔岸观火watching a fire from the other side of the river 10.笑里藏刀covering the dagger with a smile 11.李代桃僵palming off substitute for the real thing 12.顺手牵羊picking up something in passing 13.打草惊蛇beating the grass to frighten the snake 14.借尸还魂resurrecting a dead soul by borrowing a corpse 15.调虎离山luring the tiger out of his den 16.欲擒故纵letting the enemy off in order to catch him 17.抛砖引玉giving the enemy something to induce him to lose more valuable things 18.擒贼擒王capturing the ringleader first in order to capture all the followers 19.釜底抽薪extracting the firewood from under the cauldron 20.混水摸鱼muddling the water to catch the fish; fishing in troubled waters 21.金蝉脱壳slipping away by casting off a cloak; getting away like the cicada sloughing its skin 22.关门捉贼catching the thief by closing / blocking his escape route 23.远交近攻befriending the distant enemy while attacking a nearby enemy 24.假途伐虢attacking the enemy by passing through a common neighbor 25.偷梁换柱stealing the beams and pillars and replacing them with rotten timbers 26.指桑骂槐reviling/ abusing the locust tree while pointing to the mulberry 27.假痴不癫feigning madness without becoming insane 28.上屋抽梯removing the ladder after the enemy has climbed up the roof 29.树上开花putting artificial flowers on trees 30.反客为主turning from the guest into the host 31.美人计using seductive women to corrupt the enemy 32.空城计presenting a bold front to conceal unpreparedness 33.反间计sowing discord among the enemy 34.苦肉计deceiving the enemy by torturing one’s own man 35.连环计coordinating one stratagem with another 36.走为上decamping being the best; running away as the best choice 1、中国意念词（Chinesenesses） 八卦 trigram 阴、阳 yin, yang 道 Dao（cf. logo） 江湖（世界） the jianghu World （the traits’ world） e.g. You can’t control everything in a traits’ world. (人在江湖，身不由己) 道 Daoism（Taoism） 上火 excessive internal heat 儒学 Confucianism 红学（《红楼梦》研究） redology 世外桃源 Shangri-la or Arcadia 开放 kaifang （Chinese openness to the outside world） 大锅饭 getting an equal share regardless of the work done 伤痕文学 scar literature or the literature of the wounded 不搞一刀切 no imposing uniformity on … 合乎国情，顺乎民意 to conform with the national conditions and the will of the people 乱摊派，乱收费 imposition of arbitrary quotas and service charge 铁交椅 iron (lifetime) post’s; guaranteed leading post 脱贫 to shake off poverty; anti-poverty 治则兴，乱则衰 Order leads to prosperity and chaos to decline 2 、中华民族的喜庆节日（Chinese Festivial） 国庆节 National Day 中秋节 Mid-Autumn Day/Festival 春节 Spring Festival 元宵节 Lantern Festival 儿童节 Children’s Day 端午节 Dragon Boat Festival 妇女节 Women’s Day 泼水节 Water-Splashing Day 教师节 Teachers’ Day 五四青年节 Youth Day 3、 中国独特的传统饮食（Unique Traditional Chinese Foods） 馄饨 wonton 锅贴 guotie (fried jiaozi) 花卷 steamed twisted rolls 套餐 set meal 盒饭 box lunch; Chinese take-away 米豆腐 rice tofu 魔芋豆腐 konjak tofu 米粉 rice noodles 冰糖葫芦 a stick of sugar-coated haws (or apples,etc.) 火锅 chafing dish 八宝饭 eight-treasure rice pudding 粉丝 glass noodles 豆腐脑 jellied bean curd 4 、中国新兴事物（Newly Sprouted Things） 中国 电信 China Telecom 中国 移动 China Mobile 十五计划 the 10th Five-Year Plan 中国电脑联网 Chinanet 三峡工程 the Three Gorges Project 希望工程 Project Hope 京九铁路 Beijing CKowloon Railway 扶贫工程 Anti-Poverty Project 菜篮子工程 Vegetable Basket Project 温饱工程 Decent-Life Project 安居工程 Economy Housing Project 扫黄 Porn-Purging Campaign 西部大开发 Go-West Campaign 5 、特有的一些汉语词汇 禅宗 Zen Buddhism 禅 dhyana; dhgaya 混沌 chaos 道 Daosim, the way and its power 四谛 Four Noble Truth 八正道 Eightfold Path 无常 anity 五行说 Theory of Five Elements 无我 anatman 坐禅 metta or transcendental meditation 空 sunyata 虚无 nothingness 双喜 double happiness(中)，a doubled stroke of luck(英) 小品 witty skits 相声 cross-talk 噱头；掉包袱 gimmick, stunt 夜猫子 night people; night-owls 本命年 this animal year of sb. 处世之道 philosophy of life 姻缘 yinyuan（prefixed fate of marriage） 还愿 redeem a wish (vows) 6 、具有文化特色的现代表述 大陆中国 Mainland China 红宝书 little red book 红色中国 socialist China 四化 Four Modernizations 终生职业 job-for-life 铁饭碗 iron rice bowl 大锅饭 communal pot 关系户 closely-related units 外出打工人员 migrant workers 关系网 personal nets, closely-knitted guild 五讲(讲文明、讲礼貌、讲卫生、讲秩序、讲道德)：the Five Merits focus on decorum, manners, hygiene, disciplines and morals 四美（心灵美、语言美、行为美、环境美）： the Four Virtues are golden heart, refined language, civilized behavior, and green environment 7 、中国古代独特事物（Unique Ancient Chinese Items） 宣纸 rice paper 衙门 yamen 叩头 kowtow 孔子Confucius 牌楼 pailou；pai-loo 武术 wushu（Chinese Martial Arts） 功夫 kungfu ；kung fu 中庸 the way of medium （cf. Golden Means） 中和 harmony (zhonghe) 孝顺 to show filial obedience 孝子 dutiful son 家长 family head 三纲：君为臣纲，父为子纲，夫为妻纲 three cardinal guides: ruler guides subject, father guides son husband guides wife 五常：仁、义、理、智、信 five constant virtues: benevolence (humanity), righteousness, propriety, wisdom and fidelity 八股文 eight-legged essays 多子多福：The more sons/children, the more blessing/ great happiness 养儿防老：raising sons to support one in one’s old age 8、 近一季度见诸报端的中国现代特色词汇翻译 基层监督 grass-roots supervision 基础税率 base tariff level 婚介所 matrimonial agency 婚外恋 extramarital love 婚纱摄影 bride photo 黑心棉 shoddy cotton 机器阅卷 machine scoring 即开型奖券 scratch-open ticket/lottery 集中精力把经济建设搞上去 go all out for economic development 价格听证会 public price hearings 甲A球队 Division A Soccer Team 家政服务 household management service 加强舆论监督 ensure the correct orientation is maintained in public opinion 假帐 accounting fraud 叫板 challenge; pick a quarrel 矫情 use lame arguments 渐进式台独 gradual Taiwan independence 借调 temporarily transfer 扩大中等收入者比重 Raise the proportion of the middle-income group 扩大内需，刺激消费expand domestic demand and consumption. 中式早點 烧饼 Clay oven rolls 油条 Fried bread stick 韭菜盒 Fried leek dumplings 水饺 Boiled dumplings 蒸饺 Steamed dumplings 馒头 Steamed buns 割包 Steamed sandwich 饭团 Rice and vegetable roll 蛋饼 Egg cakes 皮蛋 100-year egg 咸鸭蛋 Salted duck egg 豆浆 Soybean milk 饭 类 稀饭 Rice porridge 白饭 Plain white rice 油饭 Glutinous oil rice 糯米饭 Glutinous rice 卤肉饭 Braised pork rice 蛋炒饭 Fried rice with egg 地瓜粥 Sweet potato congee 面 类 馄饨面 Wonton ＆ noodles 刀削面 Sliced noodles 麻辣面 Spicy hot noodles 麻酱面 Sesame paste noodles 鴨肉面 Duck with noodles 鱔魚面 Eel noodles 乌龙面 Seafood noodles 榨菜肉丝面 Pork , pickled mustard green noodles 牡蛎细面 Oyster thin noodles 板条 Flat noodles 米粉 Rice noodles 炒米粉 Fried rice noodles 冬粉 Green bean noodle 汤 类 鱼丸汤 Fish ball soup 貢丸汤 Meat ball soup 蛋花汤 Egg ＆ vegetable soup 蛤蜊汤 Clams soup 牡蛎汤 Oyster soup 紫菜汤 Seaweed soup 酸辣汤 Sweet ＆ sour soup 馄饨汤 Wonton soup 猪肠汤 Pork intestine soup 肉羹汤 Pork thick soup 鱿鱼汤 Squid soup 花枝羹 Squid thick soup 甜 点 爱玉 Vegetarian gelatin 糖葫芦 Tomatoes on sticks 长寿桃 Longevity Peaches 芝麻球 Glutinous rice sesame balls 麻花 Hemp flowers 双胞胎 Horse hooves 冰 类 绵绵冰 Mein mein ice 麦角冰 Oatmeal ice 地瓜冰 Sweet potato ice 紅豆牛奶冰 Red bean with milk ice 八宝冰 Eight treasures ice 豆花 Tofu pudding 果 汁 甘蔗汁 Sugar cane juice 酸梅汁 Plum juice 杨桃汁 Star fruit juice 青草茶 Herb juice 点 心 牡蛎煎 Oyster omelet 臭豆腐 Stinky tofu (Smelly tofu) 油豆腐 Oily bean curd 麻辣豆腐 Spicy hot bean curd 虾片 Prawn cracker 虾球 Shrimp balls 春卷 Spring rolls 蛋卷 Chicken rolls 碗糕 Salty rice pudding 筒仔米糕 Rice tube pudding 红豆糕 Red bean cake 绿豆糕 Bean paste cake 糯米糕 Glutinous rice cakes 萝卜糕 Fried white radish patty 芋头糕 Taro cake 肉圆 Taiwanese Meatballs 水晶饺 Pyramid dumplings 肉丸 Rice-meat dumplings 豆干 Dried tofu 其 他 当归鸭 Angelica duck 槟榔 Betel nut 火锅 Hot pot |
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