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最近很忙，几件事情凑到一起了，有篇文章需要翻译，没有时间做，并且自己的英语水平也有限。特在此请高手帮忙翻译成中文。我浏览了哈，除专业词汇外，不是很难的， 呵呵。如果有高手能做，请先回个帖子，最好在1.17号之前弄出来。 caodong023@163.com 文题是 ：Engineering Modified Bt Toxins to Counter Insect Resistance 这个是摘要：The evolution of insect resistance threatens the effectiveness of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxinsthat are widely used in sprays and transgenic crops. Resistance to Bt toxins in some insects is linked with mutations that disrupt a toxin-binding cadherin protein. We show that susceptibility to the Bttoxin Cry1Ab was reduced by cadherin gene silencing with RNA interference in Manduca sexta,confirming cadherin’s role in Bt toxicity. Native Cry1A toxins required cadherin to form oligomers, but modified Cry1A toxins lacking one a-helix did not. The modified toxins killed cadherin-silencedM. sexta and Bt-resistant Pectinophora gossypiella that had cadherin deletion mutations. Ourfindings suggest that cadherin promotes Bt toxicity by facilitating toxin oligomerization and demonstrate that the modified Bt toxins may be useful against pests resistant to standard Bt toxins. 纳米下载 http://www.namipan.com/d/f287b47 ... e2f4b4c24845c470300 Engineering Modified Bt Toxins to.pdf |
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jianwu2691
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caitikuan
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The evolution of insect resistance threatens the effectiveness of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxinsthat are widely used in sprays and transgenic crops. 抗虫性演变威胁被广泛应用在喷雾剂和转基因作物的苏云金杆菌毒素的有效性。 Resistance to Bt toxins in some insects is linked with mutations that disrupt a toxin-binding cadherin protein. 一些抗苏云金杆菌毒素的昆虫的抗性是和毒素结合钙粘蛋白的断裂相关。 We show that susceptibility to the Bttoxin Cry1Ab was reduced by cadherin gene silencing with RNA interference in Manduca sexta, confirming cadherin’s role in Bt toxicity. 在烟草天蛾体内RNA干扰使钙粘蛋白基因沉默导致苏云金杆菌毒素的Cry1Ab蛋白的敏感性降低，证明了钙粘蛋白在苏云金杆菌毒素中的作用。 Native Cry1A toxins required cadherin to form oligomers, but modified Cry1A toxins lacking one a-helix did not. 天然的Cry1A毒素需要钙粘蛋白形成寡聚体，但是改变的Cry1A缺少一个α-螺旋不能形成寡聚体。 The modified toxins killed cadherin-silenced Manduca sexta and Bt-resistant Pectinophora gossypiella that had cadherin deletion mutations. 修饰后的毒素能杀死钙粘蛋白沉默的烟草天蛾和钙粘蛋白缺失突变造成苏云金杆菌毒素抵抗的棉红铃虫。 Our findings suggest that cadherin promotes Bt toxicity by facilitating toxin oligomerization and demonstrate that the modified Bt toxins may be useful against pests resistant to standard Bt toxins. 我们的研究结果表明，钙粘蛋白通过推动毒素寡聚化作用来促进苏云金杆菌毒素的作用，还表明修饰后的苏云金杆菌毒素可能是对害虫抗药性（抗标准的苏云金杆菌毒素）有用的。 [ Last edited by caitikuan on 2009-1-15 at 10:31 ] |
5楼2009-01-13 16:41:02
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caitikuan
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The toxins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis kill some major insect pests such as mosquitoes and crop-eating caterpillars but are harmless to vertebrates and most other organisms. 苏云金芽孢杆菌所产生的毒素杀一些主要害虫如蚊子和吃农作物的毛虫但对脊椎动物和大多数其他生物体是无害的。 Transgenic corn and cotton producing Bt toxins grew on more than 32 million hectares worldwide in 2006. 2006年全球能产生苏云金芽孢杆菌毒素的转基因玉米和棉花种植超过三千二百万公顷 The primary threat to the long-term efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis toxins is the evolution of resistance by pests. 苏云金芽孢杆菌毒素长效性的主要威胁是病虫害的抵抗演变。 Many insects have been selected for resistance to Bt toxins in the laboratory, and two crop pests (Plutella xylostella and Trichoplusia ni) have evolved resistance to Bt sprays outside of the laboratory. 在实验室里许多已选定的昆虫有毒素抗性；在实验室以外，两个作物害虫（小菜蛾和夜蛾）产生毒素喷剂的抗性。 The most widely used Bt toxins are crystal toxins in the Cry1A family, particularly Cry1Ab in transgenic Bt corn and Cry1Ac in transgenic Bt cotton, which kill caterpillars (lepidopteran larvae). 使用最广泛的是苏云金杆菌毒素的晶体毒素Cry1A家族，尤其是Cry1Ab转Bt基因玉米和Cry1Ac转Bt基因棉，它们能杀死毛毛虫（鳞翅目幼虫）。 Cry1A toxins bind to the extracellular domain of cadherin proteins that traverse the insect larval midgut membrane. Cry1A毒素结合穿越昆虫幼虫中肠膜的钙粘蛋白胞外结构域。 Disruption of Bt toxin binding to midgut receptors is the most common mechanism of insect resistance. 中断Bt毒素结合肠受体是最常见的的抗虫性机制。 Mutations in the midgut cadherins that bind Cry1Ac are linked with and probably cause resistance in at least three lepidopteran pests of cotton. 结合Cry1Ac的中肠钙粘素的突变都与可能造成至少三个鳞翅目棉花害虫抗性有关。 |
9楼2009-01-15 11:12:14
caitikuan
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Two hypotheses proposed to explain how Cry1A toxins function are the pore-formation model and the signaling model. 两个提出解释Cry1A毒素功能的假设是孔隙形成模型和信号模型。 These theories share initial steps: Cry1A protoxins are ingested, solubilized in the gut, and cleaved by midgut proteases such as trypsin to yield activated 60-kD monomeric toxins that bind to cadherin with high affinity. 这些理论的共同初始步骤： Cry1A 前毒素蛋白的摄入， 在肠道中溶解，经中肠蛋白酶如胰蛋白酶的消化分裂产生和钙粘蛋白具有高亲和力生物活性的60-kD 单体毒素蛋白。 The signaling model, derived from studies of insect cell cultures, suggests that after protease-activated monomeric toxins bind to cadherin, initiation of a magnesium-dependent signaling pathway causes cell death. 信号模式：来自昆虫细胞培养的研究表明，蛋白酶激活单体毒素结合钙粘蛋白后，发起镁依赖的信号转导通路引起细胞死亡。 In contrast, on the basis of results from in vitro experiments and bioassays, the pore-formation model proposes that protease activated monomers bind to cadherin to facilitate protease cleavage of the N-terminus of the toxin, including helix a-1of domain. 与上面相反，在体外实验和生物测定结果的基础上，孔隙形成模型建议蛋白酶激活单体结合钙粘蛋白能促进裂解蛋白酶裂解毒素N -末端，包括α-1的螺旋结构域。 This cleavage induces the assembly of oligomeric forms of the toxin, which have increased binding affinity to secondary receptors,including glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins, aminopeptidase N, and alkaline phosphatases. 这种分裂诱导毒素低聚体的装配，这种装配能提高二级受体的亲和力，包括糖基磷脂酰肌醇锚蛋白，氨肽酶N和碱性磷酸酶。 |
10楼2009-01-15 11:49:04