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[资源] 2009年巨献-《Functional Organic Materials 》

http://www.namipan.com/d/9cb2cf4 ... 8a935b57fb5b8b5a900
下载一定要顶哟！
Preface
Functional organic materials constitute a combination of diverse fields that range
from carbon nanotubes to self-assembled polymers but encompass also nonlinear
optical effects, the organic solid state and the construction of chiral materials. We,
as the two Editors, have tried to put together an overview over the development of
modern functional organic materials in this book. The content is divided into four
different sections, which deal with 3-D carbon-rich systems (I), strategic advances
in synthesis (II), molecular muscles, switches and electronics (III) and the interplay
of electronic interaction and structure (IV). Renowned experts in each field
give an introduction to/overview of each of their selected thematic fields, making
an easy entry for readers into the respective field. The book is intended both for
active scientists working in the field of organic materials, in academe and in industry,
and also for graduate students who are interested in this area. Owing to
the daunting scope of the topic, the book is not intended to be comprehensive,
but rather presents selected highlights that are deemed of particular importance.
In the first part, 3-D carbon-rich systems, Hirsch and Vostrovski (Chapter 1) describe
the strategies for attaching chemical functionalities to CNTs to make these
fascinating materials processable. Solubilization allows tailoring of the interactions
of nanotubes with semiconductors and (bio)polymer matrices. The authors
describe the chemical and physical functionalization of single-walled and multiple-
walled carbon nanotubes, of individual tubes and of bundles. Covalent functionalization
of the nanotubes’ carbon scaffold can be performed at the tubes’ termini,
at the sidewalls and at defect sites of enhanced reactivity. Physical functionalization
is a noncovalent attachment of functions, based on complexation and
adsorption forces, van der Waals and p-stacking effects. The authors discuss
the functionalization of nanotubes comprehensively and show how functionalized
nanotubes connect to biologically active environs and advanced devices.
In Chapter 2, Matsuo and Nakamura describe the synthetic developments of a
subgroup of bowl-shaped p-conjugated corannulenes and expand the topic to
the discussion of the synthesis of a novel class of organic fluorophores derived
from C60, hoop-shaped condensed aromatic compounds. They are made by selective
removal of ten sp2 carbon centers out of conjugation from the north and
south pole regions of C60. The resulting 40-p-electron [10]cyclophenacenes excised
from the equatorial region of the fullerene molecule are chemically stable, yellowluminescent,
non-conventional p-systems.
The second part of the book deals with strategic advances in the synthesis of
organic materials. This part is ushered in by the contribution of Scherf and colleagues,
who describe in Chapter 3 the synthesis and characterization of cruciform,
p-conjugated oligomers. The so-called cruciform approach leads to compounds
with increased solubility and allows solution processing of such materials to produce
homogeneous thin films and layers. Cruciform oligothiophene dimers have
been used as active, semiconducting layer in solution-processed OFETs with a
high hole mobility. Other examples of such cruciforms involve oligophenylenevinylene-
type, oligophenyleneethynylene-type and oligophenylene-type cruciforms.
The approach allows the introduction of donor or acceptor substituents leading
to spatially addressable electronic properties in small molecule materials.
The introduction of the heavier main group elements, particularly phosphorus,
is reviewed in Chapter 4 by Dyer and Rau. The authors describe the use of P-containing
building blocks (phospholes, phosphino groups or trivalent phospha- and
diphospha-alkenes) for the design of conjugated systems. They illustrate the specific
advantages offered by organophosphorus synthons compared with their
widely used sulfur or nitrogen analogues. The possibility of chemically modifying
P-centers provides a unique way to create structural diversity and to tailor conjugated
systems for optoelectronic applications. The coordination ability of P-centers
towards transition metals offers additional opportunities to build supramolecular
architectures in which the p-systems can be organized in a defined manner
and with significant changes to its electronic properties.
In Chapter 5, Mller provides an overview over multi-component processes,
domino reactions and sequential transformations in diversity-oriented syntheses.
The author demonstrates that multi-component reactions (MCRs), having found
broad application in pharmaceutical high-throughput screening and lead finding,
can also be used in the design and construction of functional p-electron systems
(chromophores, fluorophores, electrophores). The author shows the developments
of the last decade that led to adaptations of diversity-oriented approaches.
New strategies, developments and perspectives of diversity oriented syntheses of
functional p-electron systems are summarized and highlighted.
Most of the systems described in Chapter 5 contain small- or medium-sized or
multinuclear benzenoid and non-benzenoid arenes. In Chapter 6, Hger gives an
overview over the mastery of the synthesis of macro- and megacycles. He shows
different approaches towards shape-persistent macrocycles and carefully examines
and discusses selected examples that display the advantages and disadvantages
of macrocycle synthesis under kinetic and thermodynamic control. The template
approach (both supramolecular and covalent) towards functionalized rings
is also discussed and introduces a strong motif of supramolecular chemistry,
which is much further developed but in a more polymer-oriented topic, in the
next chapter.
In Chapter 7 Carlise and Weck discuss the design and synthesis of multifunctionalized,
architecturally controlled polymers as a prerequisite for a variety of future
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