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【悬赏金币】回答本帖问题，作者ql19881101将赠送您 10 个金币

ql19881101

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[求助] 英文论文摘要的组成部分已有2人参与

英文摘要里一般由研究目的、研究方法、主要结果和结论构成。但我发现一些文章，甚至是比较经典的文章并没有在摘要最后给出明确结论，这是符合摘要写作规则的么？另外一个问题就是关于研究背景。一部分文章摘要会在第一句写明研究背景与意义，也有很多文章直接开始描写研究目的，这种做法为了让摘要简约些么。希望听听大家的看法

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goodgoodstudydaydayup...

1楼2016-12-15 09:12:27

已阅回复此楼关注TA 给TA发消息送TA红花 TA的回帖

ICEM2017

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ql19881101: 金币+5, ★★★很有帮助 2016-12-19 08:06:37

Abstract:
Background— Drafting in cetaceans is defined as the transfer of forces between individuals without actual physical contact between them. This behavior has long been surmised to explain how young dolphin calves keep up with their rapidly moving mothers. It has recently been observed that a significant number of calves become permanently separated from their mothers during chases by tuna vessels. A study of the hydrodynamics of drafting, initiated inmechanisms causing the separation of mothers and calves during fishing-related activities, is reported here.
Results— Quantitative results are shown for the forces and moments around a pair of unequally sized dolphin-like slender bodies. These include two major effects. First, the so-called Bernoulli suction, which stems from the fact that the local pressure drops in areas of high speed, results in an attractive force between mother and calf. Second is the displacement effect, in which the motion of the mother causes the water in front to move forwards and radially outwards, and water behind the body to move forwards to replace the animal's mass. Thus, the calf can gain a 'free ride' in the forward-moving areas. Utilizing these effects, the neonate can gain up to 90% of the thrust needed to move alongside the mother at speeds of up to 2.4 m/s. A comparison with observations of eastern spinner dolphins (Stenella longirostris) is presented, showing savings of up to 60% in the thrust that calves require if they are to keep up with their mothers.
Conclusions— A theoretical analysis, backed by observations of free-swimming dolphin schools, indicates that hydrodynamic interactions with mothers play an important role in enabling dolphin calves to keep up with rapidly moving adult school members.