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milo8482

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专业: 森林土壤学

[求助] 翻译求助！土壤化学（求助完成）

Sodium chloride (NaCl), the most common and cheapest de-icer, is very efficient in terms of improving traffic flow during winter. However, even when applied in low doses as wet salt or brine it contributes to less vital urban trees. Salt is highly soluble and reaches the tree soil directly by splash, surface run-off, as ploughed snow, as spray or aerosol. It migrates through the soil, is taken up by roots, and finally may reach the groundwater table and the underlying aquifer. The salt can persist in the subsoil and hydrologic environment after the end of the de-icing period for a long time.
Salt-sensitivity of species and even strains within a species differs. Both salt ions are taken up by trees in various ratios, Cl being considerably preferred, because of active anion uptake channels and preferential Cl-influx. Salt tolerance of trees seems to be directly related to the extent of Na- and Cl-intake and to the degree of salt retention in roots and stems. The extent of ion accumulation differs markedly among species: Maple, Lime, Chestnut, Cherry and Ash accumulate Cl, whereas in Plane, Locust and Walnut leaves Cl-contents are lower; Birch, Hackberry and Oak prevent both salt ions from being translocated into the leaves. Taxa originating from warm and dry climate (Plane, Locust, Hackberry, Oak) are more salt and drought tolerant. Therefore, the search for salt tolerant species focuses on species that exclude Cl. Several authors give specieslists according to salt sensitivity. A comprehensive study can be found in Dobson (1991), where it is also shown that sensitivity rankings differ between scientists.

[ Last edited by milo8482 on 2008-11-20 at 21:21 ]

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