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Biosensors Nanotechnology
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 Biosensors and biosensing technologies have grown from a tiny, niche activity in the 1980s into a major, worldwide industry. Nanomaterials have played key roles in this development, not only in pharmaceuticals and healthcare, but also in sectors such as telecommunications, paper and textiles. Biological sensing is a fundamental tool for understanding living systems, but also fi nds practical application in medicine, drug discovery, process control, food safety, environmental monitoring, defense and per- sonal security. Moreover, a deeper understanding of the bio/electronic interface leads us towards new horizons in areas such as bionics, power generation and computing. Advances in telecommunications, expert sys- tems and distributed diagnostics prompt us to question the current ways we deliver healthcare, while robust industrial sensors enable new para- digms in R&D and production. Personalization of everything from medicine to environmental control gives new impetus to consumer choice and ownership of information, and will inevitably generate new payment structures and business models. Wearable, mobile and integrated sensors are becoming commonplace, but most current products have taken the easy path of incorporating physical sensors for parameters such as temperature, pressure, orientation or posi- tion. Th ere is a glaring absence of suitably robust and convenient sensors for body chemistries and therein lies the real opportunities for progress. Th is book examines some of the emerging technologies that are fuelling scien- tifi c discovery and underpinning new products to enhance the length and quality of our lives. Th is new fi eld combines nanoscale materials with bio- sensor technology and is receiving considerable attention. Nanostructures have been used to achieve direct wiring of biosensing elements to electrode surfaces, to promote bioreactions, to impose nanobarcodes on biomateri- als, and to amplify the signal from biorecognition events. Biosensors based on nanomaterials have widespread potential applications in medical diag- nostics and environmental monitoring due to their sensitivity, specifi city, speed of response, simplicity and cost-eff ectiveness. Th is book tracks the pursuit of these objectives and provides detailed reviews of a range of nanostructures used in the construction of biosensors, including nanoparticles, nanowires, nanotubes, nanoribbons, nanorods, nanobelts and nanosheets,.Applications of these biosensor nanotech- nologies span biological and chemical analyses for food safety, biomedi- cal diagnostics, clinical detection and environmental monitoring. Th is volume in the Advanced Materials Book Series includes fourteen chap- ters divided into three main areas. In Part 1, New Materials and Methods, renowned experts cover such topics as ZnO and graphene microelectrode applications in biosensing, assembly of polymers/metal nanoparticles, gold nanoparticle-based electrochemical biosensors, impedimetric DNA sensing employing nanomaterials, graphene and carbon nanotube-based biosensors and state-of-the-art of nanomedicine. Part 2, Principles and Prospective, begins witha computational nanochemistry study of the BFPF green fl uorescent protein chromophore,and then moves on to discuss biosynthesis of metal nanoparticles, ionic discotic liquid crystals and the role of advanced materials as nanosensors in water treatment. Presented in Part 3, Advanced Structures and Properties, experts in the fi elddiscuss bioconjugated-nanoporous gold fi lms in electrochemical biosensors, the combination of molecular imprinting and nanotechnology, principles and properties of multiferroics and ceramics. Th e book is written for a wide readership, including university students and researchers from diverse backgrounds such as chemistry, materials science, physics, pharmacy, medical science and biomedical engineer- ing. It can be used not only as a textbook for undergraduate and graduate students, but also as a review and reference book for researchers in the materials science, bioengineering, medical, pharmacy, biotechnology and nanotechnology arenas. We hope that the chapters of this book will pro- vide the reader with valuable insight into the cutting-edge nanotechnology of this major new area of biosensors. |
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