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Fluorescence Titration Experiments. Equilibrium fluorescence titration was conducted using a model FL3-21 Fluorolog-3 spectrofluorometer (Edison, NJ). All measurements
were carried out in 100 mM PIPES (pH 7) at 25 ¡ãC. The excitation wavelength was 360 nm (5 nm slit width), and the emission wavelength was 440 nm (1 nm slit width).
Experiments were carried out as previously described (7). Briefly, in a typical experiment, 1 ¨ªL aliquots of 3 mM NADH were added to a 3 mL solution of 0.5-2 ¨ªM protein.
The fluorescence intensity was recorded as an average of 60 readings (2 s). Dilution of protein was kept to a minimum (<1%). Data could not be fit to a simple hyperbolic function.Instead, data were fit to the following quadratic equation (eq 1):
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