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Chem. Rev. 最新 Recent Advances in Electrocatalysts for ORR
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Minhua Shao,*,† Qiaowan Chang,† Jean-Pol Dodelet,‡ and Regis Chenitz‡ †Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong ‡INRS-Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, 1650, boulevard Lionel Boulet, Varennes, Quebec J3X 1S2, Canada （64页756篇参考文献） ABSTRACT: The recent advances in electrocatalysis for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are thoroughly reviewed. This comprehensive Review focuses on the low- and non-platinum electrocatalysts including advanced platinum alloys, core−shell structures, palladium-based catalysts, metal oxides and chalcogenides, carbon-based non-noble metal catalysts, and metal-free catalysts. The recent development of ORR electrocatalysts with novel structures and compositions is highlighted. The understandings of the correlation between the activity and the shape, size, composition, and synthesis method are summarized. For the carbonbased materials, their performance and stability in fuel cells and comparisons with those of platinum are documented. The research directions as well as perspectives on the further development of more active and less expensive electrocatalysts are provided. CONTENTS 1. Introduction A 2. ORR Activity Screening Technique Based on Rotating Disk Electrode B 3. ORR on Pure Pt Surfaces E 3.1. Structure Effect on Bulk Single Crystals E 3.2. Particle Size/Shape Effect E 4. Pt Alloys F 4.1. Pt−Late Transition Metal Alloys F 4.1.1. Activity Enhancement Mechanisms and Surface Segregation F 4.1.2. Ternary and Quaternary Pt Alloys G 4.1.3. Particle Size Effect G 4.2. Pt−Early Transition Metal Alloys G 4.3. Ordered Pt Alloys H 4.4. Pt Alloys with NSTF Structure H 4.5. Porous Pt Alloys I 4.6. Shape-Controlled Pt Alloys I 4.6.1. Synthesis I 4.6.2. ORR Activity J 4.7. Nanowires, Nanorods, and Nanotubes L 5. Core−Shell Structures L 5.1. Cu-Mediated Deposition L 5.1.1. Core Material Effect L 5.1.2. Core Structure Effect M 5.1.3. Scale-Up and MEA Testing M 5.2. Chemical Reduction O 5.3. Dealloying Q 5.4.Other Methods S 6. Pd-Based Electrocatalysts S 6.1. Structure Dependence S 6.2. Pd Alloys T 7. Metal Oxides, Nitrides, Oxynitrides, and Carbonitrides U 7.1. Metal Oxides U 7.2. Metal Nitrides and Oxynitrides V 7.3. Metal Carbonitrides V 8. Metal Chalcogenides V 8.1. Noble Metal-Based Chalcogenides V 8.2. Non-noble Metal-Based Chalcogenides X 9. Carbon-Based Non-noble Metal and Metal-Free Catalysts X 9.1. Initial Performance in H2/O2 PEM Fuel Cells Y 9.2. Synthesis of Non-noble Metal Catalysts AA 9.3. Initial Performance in H2/Air PEM Fuel Cells AD 9.4. Durability of Non-noble Metal Catalysts AF 9.5. Origin of Activity Loss in Fuel Cells AL 9.6. Comparison with Pt AN 10. Conclusions AO Author Information AP Corresponding Author AP Notes AP Biographies AP Acknowledgments AQ References AQ  Recent Advances in Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction.jpg [ Last edited by 海天天意 on 2016-2-18 at 17:47 ] |
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