[交流] 培根火腿究竟为什么不让吃了，那吃货们又能吃什么呢 已有4人参与

从上周开始，“世界卫生组织宣布培根、火腿等导致结肠癌”的消息，在各种平台迅速引起热烈讨论。小伙伴们也是分分钟惊呆了：“我的培根，我的火腿，我的最爱啊，怎么会这样”“吃货的噩梦啊”“金华要完了的节奏啊”。这不，立马就有大学教授出来澄清，这个没事啦，老祖宗吃了那么久都没事，这是个阴谋。 那到底是个什么情况呢，管家哥带你一探究竟：     首先，我们当然得看下这条消息是哪来的。发布这条消息的是International Agency for Research on Cancer(IARC,国际癌症研究机构)。     10月26日，IARC在其官网刊登出了“Evaluation of consumption of red meat and processed meat”报告，相关的实验报告总结发表于The Lancet Oncology期刊（2014年IF：24.69）。 我们来仔细解读下这份报告： IARC Monographs evaluate consumption of red meat and processed meat Lyon, France, 26 October 2015 – The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), the cancer agency of the World Health Organization, has evaluated the carcinogenicity of the consumption of red meat and processed meat. （IARC，WHO下属癌症研究机构，此文评估了红肉和加工肉类的致癌性） Red meat （红肉，也就是猪肉、羊肉、鹿肉、兔肉等等所有哺乳动物的肉） After thoroughly reviewing the accumulated scientific literature, a Working Group of 22 experts from 10 countries convened by the IARC Monographs Programme classified the consumption of red meat as probably carcinogenic to humans (Group 2A), based on limited evidence that the consumption of red meat causes cancer in humans and strong mechanistic evidence supporting a carcinogenic effect. （将红肉列为第二级A类致癌物（Group 2A）,甲醛就属于这类。对人类为很可能致癌物，对动物则为确定之致癌物） This association was observed mainly for colorectal cancer, but associations were also seen for pancreatic cancer and prostate cancer. （这种关联主要是指结直肠癌，但是在胰腺癌和前列腺癌中也发现有关联） Processed meat（加工肉类，如培根、火腿、热狗、香肠等） Processed meat was classified as carcinogenic to humans (Group 1), based on sufficient evidence in humans that the consumption of processed meat causes colorectal cancer. （加工肉类被分为第一级致癌物，有充分的证据显示能引起结直肠癌。对人类为确定之致癌物） Meat consumption and its effects （肉类食用和影响） The consumption of meat varies greatly between countries, with from a few percent up to 100% of people eating red meat, depending on the country, and somewhat lower proportions eating processed meat. The experts concluded that each 50 gram portion of processed meat eaten daily increases the risk of colorectal cancer by 18%. （每天摄入50g加工肉类，患结直肠癌的风险会增加18%） “For an individual, the risk of developing colorectal cancer because of their consumption of processed meat remains small, but this risk increases with the amount of meat consumed,” says Dr Kurt Straif, Head of the IARC Monographs Programme. “In view of the large number of people who consume processed meat, the global impact on cancer incidence is of public health importance.” （对个人来说，由于摄入量不多，患结直肠癌的风险还是比较低的，但是这种风险会随着食用量的增加而增加） The IARC Working Group considered more than 800 studies that investigated associations of more than a dozen types of cancer with the consumption of red meat or processed meat in many countries and populations with diverse diets. The most influential evidence came from large prospective cohort studies conducted over the past 20 years. （IARC参考了过去20年超过800项研究，针对多种类型的癌症与红肉、加工肉类之间的关联研究，涉及到不同国家和不同饮食习惯人群。） Public health “These findings further support current public health recommendations to limit intake of meat,” says Dr Christopher Wild, Director of IARC. “At the same time, red meat has nutritional value. Therefore, these results are important in enabling governments and international regulatory agencies to conduct risk assessments, in order to balance the risks and benefits of eating red meat and processed meat and to provide the best possible dietary recommendations.” （这些研究发现旨在建议公众注意肉类的摄入量。同时由于红肉具有营养价值，所以更需要平衡风险与受益因素，给出最佳的饮食建议） Red meat refers to all types of mammalian muscle meat, such as beef, veal, pork, lamb, mutton, horse,and goat. （红肉包括所有的哺乳动物的肉，比如牛肉、猪肉、羊肉、马肉等） Processed meat refers to meat that has been transformed through salting, curing, fermentation, smoking,or other processes to enhance flavour or improve preservation. Most processed meats contain pork or beef, but processed meats may also contain other red meats, poultry, offal, or meat by-products such as blood. Examples of processed meat include hot dogs (frankfurters), ham, sausages, corned beef, and biltong or beef jerky as well as canned meat and meat-based preparations and sauces. （加工肉类指经过腌制、发酵、烟熏等加工过的肉类。常见的有热狗、火腿、香肠、腌制牛肉、干肉片、牛肉干以及肉罐头和肉类酱汁等） 小伙伴们看完是不是颤抖了。其实在近10年来，不断的有“摄入红肉可能增加罹患以下癌症的风险：食道癌、胰腺癌、胃癌、子宫内膜癌、肺癌、膀胱癌”的文章报道。有兴趣的可以搜索下相关文章。 吃货们，为了能更长时间，吃更多的肉，咱每天少吃点哈。 管家哥提醒：鸟类（鸡、鸭、鹅、火鸡等）、鱼、爬行动物、两栖动物、甲壳类动物（虾蟹等）或双壳类动物（牡蛎、蛤蜊等）等非哺乳动物的肉都不是红肉。咱完全可以换个吃法嘛，O(∩_∩)O 您的分享就是对管家哥最大的鼓励。

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