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[资源] Biogeochemistry of WETLANDS：Science and Applications

Wetland science is now emerging as an interdisciplinary subject. Hydrologists, biogeochemists,
pedologists, ecologists, microbiologists, and scientists from various disciplines are working individually
or together to improve our understanding of the functions and ecosystem services of the
wetlands. The idea for this book was conceptualized some 25 years back, when the fi rst author of
the book started teaching a new course entitled “Biogeochemistry of Wetlands” at the University of
Florida. Since then, there has been steady need expressed by more than 500 students who took this
course at the University and by several colleagues working with other universities, governmental
agencies, and industries. At present, both of us are in the fourth quarter of our professional career,
and, about three years ago, we felt that the time has come to synthesize the work on wetland biogeochemistry
into a book by including examples of the research conducted at our respective institutions.
Our approach is to view biogeochemistry as the key “operating system” that regulates the
physical, chemical, and biological processes of elemental cycles within a wetland, thereby affecting
large-scale ecosystem services.
This book focuses on “organic matter” as a hub of biogeochemistry, and on oxidation–reduction
reactions as primary drivers of biogeochemical processes. Wetlands are unique in that a range of
soil–sediment conditions, from strongly reducing (anaerobic) to oxidizing (aerobic), can be found at
a range of spatial and temporal scales. These environments include forested wetlands, tidal freshwater
and salt marsh wetlands, inland freshwater marshes and northern peat lands, swamp forests, and
riparian wetlands and estuaries. In certain topical areas, we relied heavily on the biogeochemistry
of aquatic systems because a limited amount of information was available on wetlands. This book
was written as both a reference and a text for a graduate-level course. Individuals with an interest
in environmental science, biology, chemistry, ecology, and environmental engineering would also
fi nd this book useful. The impact of soil redox processes on elemental cycling, biotransformation,
and heavy metal chemistry is emphasized. In this context we present 19 chapters involving science
and application of biogeochemical principles in wetlands and aquatic systems. The book includes
chapters dealing with terminology (Chapters 2 and 3) and electrochemical properties (Chapter 4)
describing basic biogeochemical processes that drive transformation processes in wetlands. In addition,
there are individual chapters dealing with carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur
cycles (Chapters 5, 6, 8–11). Attention is given to microbially mediated process in soil and water
and atmospheric exchange as related to elemental biogeochemical cycling. One chapter describes
plant adaptation (metabolic and morphological) to soil–sediment redox conditions including oxygen
transport mechanisms (Chapter 7). This book also includes chapters on iron, manganese, and
other heavy metals with a strong emphasis on the role that soil redox–pH plays on metal speciation,
availability, and transformations (Chapters 11–12). In addition, the fate and transport of toxic
organic compounds in wetland environments are also included (Chapter 13). Chapter 14 describes
the exchange processes regulating the movement of elements between the soil and water column.
Chapter 15 describes various biogeochemical indicators that can be used to determine contaminant
impacts on wetlands and use of these indicators to determine the successes/failures of various restoration
programs. Chapter 16 covers the role of wetlands in climate change. In addition, wetland case
studies for research conducted in freshwater wetlands (Florida Everglades) and coastal wetlands
(Louisiana Mississippi River deltaic plain) are also presented. Chapter 19 provides a glimpse of
some of the recent advances in biogeochemistry pertinent to wetland environments.

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