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《Elementorganic Monomers: Technology, Properties, Applications》
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Elementorganic Monomers: Technology, Properties, Applications (New Concepts in Polymer Science) (New Concepts in Polymer Science) By L. M. Khananashvili, O. V. Mukbaniani, G. E. Zaikov -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Publisher: Brill Academic Publishers Number Of Pages: 496 Publication Date: 2006-06-15 ISBN-10 / ASIN: 9004152601 ISBN-13 / EAN: 9789004152601 Binding: Hardcover -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Book Description: New fields of science and technology call for new materials with valuable performance characteristics. Long-term resistance to such temperatures can be found only in polymers with chains made up of thermostable fragments. Particularly interesting in this respect are elementorganic polymers with inorganic and organo-inorganic molecular chains. Elementorganic polymers are not only highly thermostable, but also perform well under low temperatures, sunlight, humidity, weather, etc. Thus, these polymers (especially silicones) are widely and effectively used in the electrical, radio, coal, mechanical rubber, aircraft, metallurgical, textile and other industries. They are of great utility not only in industry, but also in households and in medicine, where their merits can hardly be overestimated. The need to publish this book arose with the scientific and technical developments of the last decade, the reconstruction and technical renovation of existing factories, as well as fundamental changes in some syntheses of elementorganic monomers and polymers. Moreover, nowadays it is essential to train highly-skilled chemical engineers with a comprehensive knowledge of current chemistry, of the production technology of elementorganic monomers and polymers, and of their characteristics and applications. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Summary: More Practical Applications in Polymer Science Rating: 5 The chemical industry in our country and abroad is rapidly developing. It is only natural that the young industry of elementorganic monomers, oligomers and polymers should develop at the same rate. The numerous valuable and sometimes unique properties of these substances account for their wide application in various industries, households, medicine and cutting-edge technologies. That is why contemporary industry produces more than 500 types of silicone monomers, oligomers and polymers, to say nothing of other elementorganic compounds. The synthesis of these elementorganic compounds is based on many different reactions. New fields of science and technology, the use of high and ultra low temperatures, high pressures and high vacuum, the developments in electrification, mechanical engineering, radio engineering and radio electronics, the design of supersonic aeroplanes and artificial Earth satellites - all this calls for new materials with valuable performance characteristics. It is well known that the surface of load-carrying machine parts at very high speeds can heat to 300°C upwards. Long-term resistance to such temperatures can be found only in polymers with chains made up of thermostable fragments. Particularly interesting in this respect are elementorganic polymers with inorganic and organo-inorganic molecular chains. Elementorganic polymers are not only highly thermostable, but also perform well under low temperatures, sunlight, humidity, weather, etc. Besides, their physics and chemistry change little in a wide temperature range. Thus, these polymers (especially silicones) are widely and effectively used in the electrical, radio, coal, mechanical rubber, aircraft, metallurgical, textile and other industries. They are of great utility not only in industry, but also in households and in medicine, where their merits can hardly be overestimated. Silicone polymers can render various materials unwettable (hydrophobic), which can be used in the manufacture of waterproof clothes, shoes, and construction materials. Silicone antifoam agents destroy foam, which is difficult to deal with in many spheres (in pharmaceutics, as well as in sugar-refining, wine-making and other food industries). They are indispensable even in contemporary medicine: these substances help to eliminate blood foaming during major surgeries, when great amounts of blood have to be drawn from the body. In this case, if surgical instruments are treated with silicone oligomers, there is no danger of tiny air bubbles (thrombi) entering blood and causing immediate death. Silicone oligomers are also widely used in the production of hydraulic fluids and lubricants to assure the performance of devices in a wide temperature range (from -120-140 to 250-350°C). Each year sees more and more silicone elastomers used in the production of thermostable rubbers, and silicone polymers of various composition used for nonmetal composites. At present there are few industries where silicone polymers and materials based on them are not used to a greater or lesser extent. With that in mind, it is small wonder that the silicone industry is gathering such momentum all over the world. Other elementorganic compounds, e.g. organoaluminum compounds, are extremely valuable components of the Ziegler-Natta catalysts, widely used in the production of stereoregular polymers. They are also used in the synthesis of higher fatty alcohols, carboxylic acids, a-olefines, cycloolefines and other important compounds. Organotin compounds are increasingly used as catalysts, as stabilizers for polymers and polymer-based materials, etc. Organolead compounds, tetraalkyl derivatives in particular, are used as antiknock substances in engine fuels. Organophosphorus compounds have found a wide application as pesticides, plasticizers and fire-resistant agents in polymers This list, by no means complete, testifies to a constantly growing role of elementorganic compounds in industry, economy and households, which is to promote further development of the technology of elementorganic compounds. The need to publish this book arose with the scientific and technical developments of the last decade, the reconstruction and technical renovation of existing factories, as well as fundamental changes in some syntheses of elementorganic monomers and polymers. Moreover, nowadays it is essential to train highly-skilled chemical engineers with a comprehensive knowledge of current chemistry, of the production technology of elementorganic monomers and polymers, and of their characteristics and applications. One of the most important contemporary features of scientific and technological advance is a wide use of polymers and polymer-based materials virtually in all spheres of economy and in households; moreover, the application range of synthetic materials is wider every year. Thus, further development of economy requires an increased production of various polymer materials with valuable properties. Many polymer materials are based on synthetic elementorganic oligomers and polymers used in the manufacture of plastics, sealants and rubbers; paint, anticorrosive and other coatings; insulating, lubricating and construction materials, etc. Nowadays it is hard to find an industry which does not use elementorganic compounds, because their valuable technical characteristics are combined with convenient and highly productive techniques to process them into materials and products of various shapes and sizes. All this promises a big future to elementorganic oligomers and polymers. Carbon-chain superpolymers (with chains consisting only of carbon atoms) are as a rule not heat- and weather-resistant enough; that is why synthetic chemists have always aimed to synthesise new, more heat- and weather-resistant polymers. This aim was one of the reasons for creating high-molecular compounds with chains made up of various atoms (Si, AI, B, Ti, etc.) and oxygen or nitrogen. The production scale of elementorganic compounds, especially elemen- torganic oligomers and polymers, as well as extremely diverse requirements to the materials based on these compounds in different economic spheres (medicine, transportation, agriculture, etc.) and advances in aeroplane and rocket building, microelectronics, radio and electrical engineering pose new problems to elementorganic chemistry. Among these problems are: 1. Expanding the polymer operating temperature range to produce nonmetallic materials (plastics, rubbers, fibres, paint coatings, etc.); 2. Improving mechanical characteristics of synthesised polymers and materials based on them; 3. Improving their physical and chemical inertness (i.e. resistance to weather effects, light, radiation, liquids); 4. Creating the polymers which can be the basis of nonflammable materials with a required set of technical characteristrics. http://www.filefactory.com/file/40ea53/n/9004152601_rar [ Last edited by mengbaiyang on 2008-9-18 at 18:39 ] |
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