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小木虫论坛-学术科研互动平台 » 专业学科区 » 物理 » 理论物理&天文 » 闻新浪网新华网《瑞士实验显示:量子信息传输速度远超光速》惊诧 论
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jove1782

木虫 (正式写手)

小木虫风雅协会代理秘书长

[交流] 闻新浪网新华网《瑞士实验显示:量子信息传输速度远超光速》惊诧 论

个人评价：（欢迎大家一起来讨论）
呵呵，估计作者不理解这个理论吧。其实这这个报道是对于“量子纠缠”的误解。不要管人家金钱至上的瞎试验，要有自己的判断力！！！

曾经David Lindley,举了一个很好的例子来说明：你和一位朋友在伦敦的海斯罗机场；你们两个人各有一只上了锁的的木箱，里面都有一只手套。这两支手套是一套，但是你们都不知道那个箱子中放的是哪一只。

当你到达洛杉矶而你的朋友到达了香港之后，你找到了你的钥匙，打开箱子发现你的那只是左手，于是乎你就立即得出这个结论：你朋友的在香港那只是右手的。

于是这个信息超过光速进行了传输？

疯了吧，这是没有价值的伪科学报道。

对于该新闻真正的信号发源于光子的发射站，而不是哪个村庄！！！因而并没有任何信号超越了光速
学习下《命运之神应置向何方》


   新浪网新华网原文如下
“据美国生活科学网报道,伟大的物理学家爱因斯坦曾对任何超光速的说法都予以驳斥,但事实很可能会表明这是他一生中犯下的为数不多的错误之一.
瑞士科学家日前称,他们在实验中证实,处于纠缠状态的亚原子粒子,它们之间信号传输的速度要远远超出光速.

    在8月14日出版的最新一期《自然》杂志上,瑞士的5位科学家公布了他们的这项最新研究成果.瑞士科学家表示,原子、电子以及宇宙空间其他所有的微观物质都可能会表现出异常奇怪的行为,其行为规律可能与我们日常生活中传统的科学规律完全背道而驰.比如,物体可以同时存在于两个或多个场所;可以同时以相反的方向旋转.这种现象也许只有通过量子物理学来解释.量子物理学认为,任何事物之间都可能存着某种特定的联系.发生于某一物体之上的事件,可能同时对其他物体也会产生影响.这种现象称为“量子纠缠”.不管物体之间的距离有多远,同样存在“量子纠缠”的关系.

    爱因斯坦坚决反对“量子纠缠”理论,甚至将其戏称为“遥远的鬼魅行为”.根据量子力学理论的描述,两个处于纠缠态的粒子无论相距多远,都能“感知”和影响对方的状态.几十年来,物理学家试图验证这种神奇特性是否真实,以及决定它的幕后原因.其实,我们可以运用形象化的说明来解释这种现象.被纠缠的物体释放出某种不明粒子或其他形式的高速信号,从而对其伙伴产生影响.此前,已有实验证实传统物理学领域中某种隐藏信号的存在,从而打消了人们对于这种隐藏信号的种种疑问.但是,仍然有一个奇怪的可能性没有得到证实,即这种未知信号的传输速率可能会比光速还要高.



    为了证实这种可能性,瑞士科学家开始着手对一对相互纠缠的光子进行实验研究.首先,研究人员们将光子对拆散;然后,通过由瑞士电信公司提供的光纤向两个村庄接收站进行传送,接收站之间相距大约18公里.沿途光子会经过特殊设计的探测器,因此研究人员能够随时确定它们从出发到终点的“颜色”.最终,接收站证实每对相互纠缠的光子被分开传送到接收站后,两者之间仍然存在纠缠关系.通过对其中一个光子的分析,科学家可以预测另一光子的特征.在实验中,任何隐藏信号从此接收站传送到彼接收站,仅仅需要一百万兆分之一秒.这一传输速率保证了接收站能够准确地检测到光子.由此可以推测任何未知信号的传输速率至少是光速的10000倍.

    爱因斯坦不仅不接受“量子纠缠”的思想,而且还坚持认为不可能存在比光速还要快的信号,任何比光速快的“鬼魅似的远距作用”都是不可思议的.根据1905 年出版的爱因斯坦的相对论,他认为没有物体的运动速度能够超过光速.爱因斯坦解释说,光速属于自然界的一个基本常数:对于空间内所有的观察者来说,光速都是一样的.同样是爱因斯坦的相对论解释说,当物体加速时,物体本身的质量增加,而加速需要能量.随着物体质量的增加,维持速度所需的能量也更多.当物体以接近光速运行时,爱因斯坦经过计算说,它的质量将达到无限大,所以要使得物体继续运行的能量也要无限大,而要超过这一极限是不可能的.

    而科学家们从实验中得到的结论,既可以反驳爱因斯坦的“错误”观点,也可以用来解释同一事物同时出现在不同地点这一奇异现象.爱因斯坦都无法解释的奇怪行为,正是量子物理学的魅力之处.”

[ Last edited by jove1782 on 2008-8-16 at 17:20 ]
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1楼 2008-08-16 17:17:35
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jove1782

木虫 (正式写手)

小木虫风雅协会代理秘书长
终归无法改变一个村庄的信号来影响另一个，明显是对因果律的误解
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もっとも永く続く?郅稀螭铯欷�?郅扦ⅳ搿�
4楼2008-08-18 12:26:11
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forumts

木虫之王 (文坛精英)

文献杰出贡献

1


David Lindley的例子不错
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2楼2008-08-16 17:26:37
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ghost820521

铁杆木虫 (著名写手)

这个是Nature上的原文

The speed of instantly

Terence G. Rudolph
Pairs of quantum-mechanically entangled particles seem to know at once what is happening to each
other. Experiments show that even if this signalling is not instantaneous, it must be really, really fast.

    One piece of Einstein’s theory of relativity that has taken hold in popular imagination can be summarized by the mantra “nothing travels faster than light”. What is less well known is that the theory of quantum mechanics, which deals with the behaviour of very small systems such as atomic and subatomic particles, violates the spirit (if not the letter) of this fundamental principle. Quantum mechanics predicts that, in certain circumstances, an activity performed on one particle can instantaneously change the properties of another particle, no matter how far apart the two particles are. On page 861 of this issue, Salart et al.1 describe an experiment to test how fast ‘instantaneous’ really is.


    One particularly strange feature of quantum mechanics is quantum entanglement. In an experiment involving this phenomenon, a physical property of a particle (or larger system) becomes instantly dependent on the properties that are being measured on another particle, regardless of how far apart the particles are. In a letter to Max Born in 1947,
    Einstein dismissively called this effect of quantum entanglement a “spooky action at a distance”, and thought it indicated that the theory of quantum mechanics was incorrect. Einstein was not the first to express repugnance at instantaneous action at a distance. Two hundred and fifty years earlier, Isaac Newton wrote2:
... that one body may act upon another at
a distance through a vacuum, without the
mediation of anything else, by and through
which their action and force may be conveyed
from one to another, is to me so great an
absurdity that I believe no man who has in
philosophical matters a competent faculty of
thinking can ever fall into it.
Newton was writing about his theory of gravity, and it was Einstein who showed in 1915 that the action of gravity is not instantaneous but is caused by a ‘mediation’ signal (the warping of space-time), which moves with a finite speed. Salart and colleagues’ experiment1 tests whether the interaction between entangled particles is also conveyed by a mediating signal, and if so, how fast this signal must travel.
    In addition to acting instantaneously, and in contrast to other physical effects whose magnitudes vary with distance, the effects of quantum entanglement are predicted to have the same strength no matter how far apart the entangled systems are. Erwin Schr?dinger was uncomfortable with this idea, and, in the very papers in which he introduced the term entanglement3,4, proposed that some unknown pro cess must ensure that entanglement occurs over only microscopic distances. He was wrong. The distances over which entanglement has been shown to be maintained increase every year. For example, Salart and colleagues’ experiment1, which is not designed to test this question, itself measures the entanglement of a pair of photons separated by 18 kilometres.
    Salart et al. entangled their photon pairs using a source in Geneva, Switzerland, then passed them through fibre-optical cables of exactly equal length to receiving stations in the villages of Jussy and Satigny, which lie respectively east and west of Lake Geneva. Here, the photons’ entanglement was checked by an identical pair of interferometers. As they had travelled identical distances, the photons would have reached the interferometers simultaneously, as best as modern optics and electronics allows. Despite this, Salart et al. see consistent entanglement of their photons, which means that the time taken by any hypothetical signal passing between them is below the detection limit of the equipment.
     There is one subtle feature to all of this, however. Any hypothetical signal has its speed defined in a specific ‘preferred frame of reference’, which is not the same as the surface of the Earth. Salart et al. were able to check their results against all possible frames of reference by using Earth’s rotation. The two villages in which they placed their detectors lie almost exactly east–west of each other, and the authors ran their tests at all hours of the day and night, allowing them to probe every possible orientation of the experiment against a hypothetical preferred reference frame. Taking into account the accuracies of their experimental design and making some conservative assumptions — for example, that Earth is not moving relative to the preferred frame of reference at more than a thousandth the speed of light — Salart et al. conclude that any signal passing between the entangled photons is, if not instantaneous, travelling at least ten thousand times faster than light.
    The experiment of Salart et al.1 beautifully probes the deep tensions between foundational aspects of two of our most fundamental physical theories — relativity and quantum mechanics — using quantum entanglement. From it we can conclude that any theory that tries to explain quantum entanglement by invoking a transmission mechanism will need to be very spooky — spookier, perhaps, than quantum mechanics itself
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下辈子一定要投胎做女人，然后嫁给一个像我这样的男人。
3楼2008-08-16 19:45:07
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mlcen

银虫 (正式写手)
量子纠缠是两粒子在希尔伯特空间的纠缠，并不是在普通空间的纠缠，把量子力学的非定域性解释成超光速，真是牛头不对马嘴。狭义相对论已经证明不可能有超光速，怎么还有那么多人热衷于超光速，真是不明白。
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5楼2008-08-19 10:36:11
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