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xi2004
至尊木虫 (职业作家)
- 应助: 125 (高中生)
- 金币: 16769.9
- 散金: 12393
- 红花: 221
- 帖子: 4161
- 在线: 436.9小时
- 虫号: 354550
- 注册: 2007-04-24
- 专业: 结构化学
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批准号 20176041 项目名称 超临界相态下微生物反应过程的基础研究 项目类别 面上项目 申请代码 B060801 项目负责人 贾士儒 负责人技术职称 教授 依托单位 天津科技大学 资助年限 01/01/2002 - 01/12/2004 资助经费 18(万元) 中文摘要： 与开展极端微生物研究同样重要的是极端条件下已有工业微生物性能研究，因为这样可以最大限度地提高已有微生物资源的应用领域。进行温和压力（0.5～1.0Mpa）下和高压及其超临界相态下微生物活性的变化的研究正是符合这一需求的工作，特别是温和压力下的研究更为重要。结果表明：一定压力下影响微生物活性的主要原因是升降压速度和加压介质的性质，其次是厌氧环境。当选择高纯空气为加压介质，控制合适的条件，微生物活细胞率不会损失。由于一定压力的影响，微生物的代谢通量和相应的酶活性发生变化。温和压力下有的酵母菌的海藻糖合成酶活力较常压下提高一倍，相应的酵母菌海藻糖生物合成能力最高提高200％，酵母菌代谢过程分析表明，一定压力下与海藻糖生物合成相关的代谢分枝的获得加强；利用蓝色梨头霉进行氢化可地松生物转化的过程中，若采用加压生物转化，可提高氢化可的松生物转化率15％左右，酶学研究同样表明此时相应的酶活力大幅度提高。基于获取的大量基础数据，开发了加压生物转化技术，同时，申报了两项国家发明专利。所有这些结果对于充分利用已有微生物资源和寻求新的生物资源具有重要的学术意义和实用价值。 中文主题词： 压力；微生物；酶活性；生物转化 英文摘要: Studied on characteristics of industrial microbe in extreme environment is as important as investigation of extremophiles, for it can enlarge the application fields of microbe resource. Studied on microorganism viability under mild pressure, high pressure, even in surpercritical state can meet the demand mentioned above. Especially, the investigation under mild pressure shows more important significant. Experimental data demonstrated that under constant pressure value the viability of microbe cell is affected by characteristics of compress medium and pressuring and depressing rate mainly, secondly by anaerobic environment. However, selecting high pure air as compress medium in moderate compressing manner can insure the viability of cell. Due to the effect of pressure, intracellular metabolic flux and activity of related enzyme were altered. Treating some yeast with mild pressure could improve the trehalose synthase activity one time higher than control samples, correspondingly, the intracellular trehalose increased by 200% at most. The metabolic flux analysis shows that the metabolic branch related with trehalose synthesize were enhanced under certain pressure. Similarly, after applied the pressure biotransformation technology, the hydrocortisone conversion rate of Abasidia coerulea increased by 15%, compared with traditional fermentation. And enzymology study shows that the activity of related enzyme increased considerably. Based on the data mentioned above ,we developed the pressure biotransformation technology, and applied for two inventive patents. All the work would have helpful for utilizing and exploiting of microbe resource, so, those works show great academic significance and applicable potential. 英文主题词： pressure; microorganism; enzyme activity; biotransformation |
2楼2008-08-03 14:52:29
xi2004
至尊木虫 (职业作家)
- 应助: 125 (高中生)
- 金币: 16769.9
- 散金: 12393
- 红花: 221
- 帖子: 4161
- 在线: 436.9小时
- 虫号: 354550
- 注册: 2007-04-24
- 专业: 结构化学
|
批准号 20176011 项目名称 生物催化剂立体选择性的工程调控研究 项目类别 面上项目 申请代码 B060804 项目负责人 许建和 负责人技术职称 教授 依托单位 华东理工大学 资助年限 01/01/2002 - 01/12/2004 资助经费 16(万元) 中文摘要： 立体选择性是生物催化剂能否有效地应用于手性合成的关键。本项目提出用"微环境工程"方法调控生物催化剂立体选择性的新思想，并以实践证明是合理和可行的。目前己经发现以下"微环境因子"可以显著影响酶(例如脂肪酶、酯酶和环氧水解酶)的对映选择性,包括: pH、金属离子、表面活性剂和有机溶剂等。在此基础上还通过酶的纯化与表征、反应动力学测定以及光谱学等方法，进一步探讨了上述部分微环境因子对酶催化选择性的影响机理。例如，阳离子表面活性剂苄苯氧基氯化胺之所以能显著提高不动杆菌酯酶的对映体选择性，主要是因为它显著加快了快反应对映体(R-酯)的反应速度，而对慢反应对映体(S-酯)则几乎没有影响。而添加异丙醇能提高该酶对映选择性[E=(kcat)R/(kcat)S]的机理主要在于：酶催化(R)-酯的拟一级动力学常数(kcat=Vmax/Km)有所增加，而对(S)-酯反而有所减少。此外还发现Co2 和Zn2 能显著增强假丝酵母脂肪酶中L2组分的催化活性，而Cu2 不但能提高酶的活性，而且能使酶的对映选择性提高一倍以上；同时其紫外吸收光谱也发生了很大变化，提示酶可能与Cu2 发生了强化学(络合)作用。 中文主题词： 酶；手性合成；对映选择性；微环境因子；调控机理 英文摘要: Stereoselectivity is the key affecting whether a biocatalyst can be effectively applied to chiral synthesis. In this project, a new thought that the stereoselectivtiy of a biocatalyst could be regulated by "Microenvironment Engineering" approaches, was proposed and its reasonability and feasibility has been established by practice. So far such microenvironmental factors as pH, metal ions, surfactants and organic solvents were found capable of profoundly affecting enantioselectivities of the enzymes including lipases, esterases and epoxide hydrolases. Furthermore, the potential mechanism responsible for regulating the enantioselectivity of enzyme by part of the above-mentioned microenvironment factors has been investigated by means of enzyme purification and characterization, determination of reaction kinetics as well as spectroscopic methods. For instance, the reason for enhancing the enantioselectivity of a carboxyesterase from Acinetobacter sp. CGMCC 0789 by a cationic detergent (benzethonium chloride) is mainly because it significantly accelerates the reaction rate of the fast-reaction enantiomer [(R)-ester], while little effect on was observed on the slow-reaction enantiomer [(S)-ester]. Whereas isopropanol can also improve the ennantioselectivity of the same esterase [E=(kcat)R/(kcat)S] by increasing the pseudo-first-order kinetic constant (kcat) of (R)-ester and reducing that of (S)-ester. In addition, Co2 and Zn2 ions were found to be effective in improving the catalytic activity of the L2-component of a Candida rugosa lipase, while Cu2 was capable of enhancing both the activity and enantioselectivity (by more than twice). Meanwhile, the UV spectrum of the Cu2 containing lipase solution changed significantly as compared to the control with respect to both the absorbance and the wavelength of maximum absorbance, suggesting that a strong chemical interaction (e.g., complex formation) might probably occur between the enzyme and the Cu2 ion. 英文主题词： Enzyme; Chiral synthesis; Enantioselectivity; Microenvironment factors; Regulation mechanism 共有25条记录 第一页 前一页 后一页 最后一页 跳至页 本页： 1/3 编号 成果名称 类别 作者/获奖人 1 选用生物催化剂 制备单一对映体 会议论文 许建和; 2 Chinese Enzyme Engineering 著作 Asano Y;Xu JH;Yuan ZY;Yu YT (eds.).; 3 生物催化技术 著作 许建和; 4 Efficient resolution of a chiral alcohol (RS)-HMPC by enzymatic transesterification with vinyl acetate using surfactant-modified lipase. 著作 Wu HY;Xu JH;Tsang SF; 5 Catalytic performance of a highly enantioselective (R)-ester hydrolase from a new isolate Acinetobacter sp. CGMCC 0789. 著作 Qian JH;Xu JH; 6 Catalytic resolution of (RS)-HMPC acetate by immobilized cells of Acinetobacter sp. CGMCC 0789 in a medium with organic cosolvent. 著作 Chen Y;Xu JH;Pan J;Xu Y Shi JB.; 7 Improved production of (S)-ketoprofen ester hydrolase by a mutant of Trichosporon brassicae CGMCC 0574. 著作 Wu HY;Xu JH;Shen D;Xin Q.; 8 Improved catalytic performance of Bacillus megaterium epoxide hydrolase in a medium containing Tween-80. 著作 Gong PF;Xu JH;Tang YF;Wu HY.; 9 Isolation of a lipase producer and its performance in enantioselective hydrolysis of glycidyl butyrate. 著作 Jia SY;Xu JH;Li QS;Yu JT.; 10 Biocatalytic preparation of enantiopure (R)-ketoprofen from its racemic ester by a new yeast isolate Citeromyces matriensis CGMCC0573. 著作 Gong PF;Wu HY;Xu JH;Shen D Liu YY; 第一页 前一页 后一页 最后一页 跳至页 本页： 1/3 |
3楼2008-08-03 14:53:46
xi2004
至尊木虫 (职业作家)
- 应助: 125 (高中生)
- 金币: 16769.9
- 散金: 12393
- 红花: 221
- 帖子: 4161
- 在线: 436.9小时
- 虫号: 354550
- 注册: 2007-04-24
- 专业: 结构化学
4楼2008-08-03 15:54:55
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