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07 Nobel Lecture: Origin, Development, and Future of Spintronics
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cf: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.200801093 ×ÔÐýµÄÆðÔ´¡¢·¢Õ¹ºÍδÀ´ Èðµä»Ê¼Ò¿ÆÑ§Ôº10ÔÂ9ÈÕÐû²¼£¬2007Äêŵ±´¶ûÎïÀíѧ½±ÊÚÓèÀ´×Ô·¨¹ú¹ú¼Ò¿ÆÑ§Ñо¿ÖÐÐĵÄÎïÀíѧ¼Ò°¢¶û²®ÌØ¡¤¸£ÌØ£¨Albert Fert£©ºÍÀ´×Ե¹úÓÈÀûÏ£Ñо¿ÖÐÐĵÄÎïÀíѧ¼Ò±ËµÃ¡¤¸ñÁֵ£¨Peter Gr¨¹nberg£©£¬ÒÔ±íÕÃËûÃÇ·¢Ï־޴ŵç×裨Giant Magnetoresistance£©Ð§Ó¦µÄ¹±Ïס£ ±¾ÎÄÊǰ¢¶û²®ÌØ¡¤¸£ÌØ£¨Albert Fert£©¼´½«ÔÚAngew Chem Int Ed (http://www3.interscience.wiley.c ... 924/non-graphissue)·¢±íµÄ×ÛÊöÐÔÎÄÕ¡£ÌáǰÓë¸÷λ·ÖÏí£¡ Electrons have a charge and a spin, but until recently,charges and spins have been considered separately. In conventional electronics, the charges are manipulated by electric fields but the spins are ignored. Other classical technologies, such as magnetic recording, use the spin but only through its macroscopic manifestation, the magnetization of a ferromagnet. This picture started to change in 1988 when the discovery of giant magnetoresistance (GMR) of the magnetic multilayers opened the way to efficient control of the motion of the electrons by acting on their spin through the orientation of a magnetization. This rapidly triggered the development of a newfield of research and technology,which is today called spintronics and exploits the influence of the spin on the mobility of the electrons in ferromagnetic materials. Actually, the influence of the spin on the mobility of the electrons in ferromagnetic metals, first suggested by Mott, had been experimentally demonstrated and theoretically described in my PhD thesis more than ten years before the discovery in 1988. The discovery of GMR was the first step on the road towards exploiting this influence to control an electrical current. Its application to the read head of hard disks greatly contributed to the fast rise in the density of stored information and led to the extension of hard-disk technology to consumer electronics. Then, the development of spintronics revealed many other phenomena related to the control and manipulation of spin currents. Today this field of research is extending considerably, with very promising new directions such as spin transfer, spintronics with semiconductors, molecular spintronics, or single electron spintronics. ... ÆäËûÏÂÔØÈ«ÎĵØÖ·£ºhttp://mihd.net/a8itc1l [search]07 Nobel Lecture Giant Magnetoresistance(GMR)[/search] |
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