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[资源] 07 Nobel Lecture: Origin, Development, and Future of Spintronics

cf: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.200801093

自旋的起源、发展和未来

瑞典皇家科学院10月9日宣布，2007年诺贝尔物理学奖授予来自法国国家科学研究中心的物理学家阿尔伯特·福特（Albert Fert）和来自德国尤利希研究中心的物理学家彼得·格林德（Peter Grünberg），以表彰他们发现巨磁电阻（Giant Magnetoresistance）效应的贡献。

本文是阿尔伯特·福特（Albert Fert）即将在Angew Chem Int Ed (http://www3.interscience.wiley.c ... 924/non-graphissue)发表的综述性文章。提前与各位分享！

Electrons have a charge and a spin, but until recently,charges and spins have been considered separately. In conventional electronics, the charges are manipulated by electric fields but the spins are ignored. Other classical
technologies, such as magnetic recording, use the spin but only through its macroscopic manifestation, the magnetization of a ferromagnet. This picture started to change in 1988 when the discovery of giant magnetoresistance (GMR) of the magnetic multilayers opened the way to efficient control of the motion of the electrons by acting on their spin through the orientation of a magnetization. This rapidly triggered the development of a newfield of research and technology,which is today called spintronics and exploits the influence of the spin on the mobility of the electrons in ferromagnetic materials. Actually, the influence of the spin on the mobility of the electrons in ferromagnetic metals, first suggested by Mott, had been experimentally demonstrated and theoretically described in my PhD thesis more than ten years before the discovery in 1988. The discovery of GMR was the first step on the road towards exploiting this influence to control an electrical current. Its application to the read head of hard disks greatly contributed to the fast rise in the density of stored information and led to the extension of hard-disk technology to consumer electronics. Then, the development of spintronics revealed many other phenomena related to the control and manipulation of spin currents. Today this field of research is extending considerably, with very promising new directions such as spin transfer, spintronics with semiconductors, molecular spintronics, or single electron spintronics.

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