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Holman_Heat_Transfer_10th_txtbk 1
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CONTENTS Guide toWorked Examples ix Preface xiii About the Author xvii List of Symbols xix CHAPTER 1 Introduction 1 1-1 Conduction Heat Transfer 1 1-2 Thermal Conductivity 5 1-3 Convection Heat Transfer 10 1-4 Radiation Heat Transfer 12 1-5 Dimensions and Units 13 1-6 Summary 19 Review Questions 20 List ofWorked Examples 21 Problems 21 References 25 CHAPTER 2 Steady-State Conduction¡ª One Dimension 27 2-1 Introduction 27 2-2 The PlaneWall 27 2-3 Insulation and R Values 28 2-4 Radial Systems 29 2-5 The Overall Heat-Transfer Coefficient 33 2-6 Critical Thickness of Insulation 39 2-7 Heat-Source Systems 41 2-8 Cylinder with Heat Sources 43 2-9 Conduction-Convection Systems 45 2-10 Fins 48 2-11 Thermal Contact Resistance 57 Review Questions 60 List ofWorked Examples 60 Problems 61 References 75 CHAPTER 3 Steady-State Conduction¡ªMultiple Dimensions 77 3-1 Introduction 77 3-2 Mathematical Analysis of Two-Dimensional Heat Conduction 77 3-3 Graphical Analysis 81 3-4 The Conduction Shape Factor 83 3-5 Numerical Method of Analysis 88 3-6 Numerical Formulation in Terms of Resistance Elements 98 3-7 Gauss-Seidel Iteration 99 3-8 Accuracy Considerations 102 3-9 Electrical Analogy for Two-Dimensional Conduction 118 3-10 Summary 119 Review Questions 119 List ofWorked Examples 120 Problems 120 References 136 CHAPTER 4 Unsteady-State Conduction 139 4-1 Introduction 139 4-2 Lumped-Heat-Capacity System 141 4-3 Transient Heat Flow in a Semi-Infinite Solid 143 4-4 Convection Boundary Conditions 147 4-5 Multidimensional Systems 162 4-6 Transient Numerical Method 168 4-7 Thermal Resistance and Capacity Formulation 176 4-8 Summary 192 Review Questions 193 List ofWorked Examples 193 Problems 194 References 214 v vi Contents CHAPTER 5 Principles of Convection 215 5-1 Introduction 215 5-2 Viscous Flow 215 5-3 Inviscid Flow 218 5-4 Laminar Boundary Layer on a Flat Plate 222 5-5 Energy Equation of the Boundary Layer 228 5-6 The Thermal Boundary Layer 231 5-7 The Relation Between Fluid Friction and Heat Transfer 241 5-8 Turbulent-Boundary-Layer Heat Transfer 243 5-9 Turbulent-Boundary-Layer Thickness 250 5-10 Heat Transfer in Laminar Tube Flow 253 5-11 Turbulent Flow in a Tube 257 5-12 Heat Transfer in High-Speed Flow 259 5-13 Summary 264 Review Questions 264 List ofWorked Examples 266 Problems 266 References 274 CHAPTER 6 Empirical and Practical Relations for Forced-Convection Heat Transfer 277 6-1 Introduction 277 6-2 Empirical Relations for Pipe and Tube Flow 279 6-3 Flow Across Cylinders and Spheres 293 6-4 Flow Across Tube Banks 303 6-5 Liquid-Metal Heat Transfer 308 6-6 Summary 311 Review Questions 313 List ofWorked Examples 314 Problems 314 References 324 CHAPTER 7 Natural Convection Systems 327 7-1 Introduction 327 7-2 Free-Convection Heat Transfer on a Vertical Flat Plate 327 7-3 Empirical Relations for Free Convection 332 7-4 Free Convection from Vertical Planes and Cylinders 334 7-5 Free Convection from Horizontal Cylinders 340 7-6 Free Convection from Horizontal Plates 342 7-7 Free Convection from Inclined Surfaces 344 7-8 Nonnewtonian Fluids 345 7-9 Simplified Equations for Air 345 7-10 Free Convection from Spheres 346 7-11 Free Convection in Enclosed Spaces 347 7-12 Combined Free and Forced Convection 358 7-13 Summary 362 7-14 Summary Procedure for all Convection Problems 362 Review Questions 363 List ofWorked Examples 365 Problems 365 References 375 CHAPTER 8 Radiation Heat Transfer 379 8-1 Introduction 379 8-2 Physical Mechanism 379 8-3 Radiation Properties 381 8-4 Radiation Shape Factor 388 8-5 Relations Between Shape Factors 398 8-6 Heat Exchange Between Nonblackbodies 404 8-7 Infinite Parallel Surfaces 411 8-8 Radiation Shields 416 8-9 Gas Radiation 420 8-10 Radiation Network for an Absorbing and Transmitting Medium 421 8-11 Radiation Exchange with Specular Surfaces 426 8-12 Radiation Exchange with Transmitting, Reflecting, and Absorbing Media 430 8-13 Formulation for Numerical Solution 437 8-14 Solar Radiation 451 8-15 Radiation Properties of the Environment 458 8-16 Effect of Radiation on Temperature Measurement 459 8-17 The Radiation Heat-Transfer Coefficient 460 8-18 Summary 461 Review Questions 462 List ofWorked Examples 462 Problems 463 References 485 Contents vii CHAPTER 9 Condensation and Boiling Heat Transfer 487 9-1 Introduction 487 9-2 Condensation Heat-Transfer Phenomena 487 9-3 The Condensation Number 492 9-4 Film Condensation Inside Horizontal Tubes 493 9-5 Boiling Heat Transfer 496 9-6 Simplified Relations for Boiling Heat Transfer withWater 507 9-7 The Heat Pipe 509 9-8 Summary and Design Information 511 Review Questions 512 List ofWorked Examples 513 Problems 513 References 517 CHAPTER 10 Heat Exchangers 521 10-1 Introduction 521 10-2 The Overall Heat-Transfer Coefficient 521 10-3 Fouling Factors 527 10-4 Types of Heat Exchangers 528 10-5 The Log Mean Temperature Difference 531 10-6 Effectiveness-NTU Method 540 10-7 Compact Heat Exchangers 555 10-8 Analysis for Variable Properties 559 10-9 Heat-Exchanger Design Considerations 567 Review Questions 567 List ofWorked Examples 568 Problems 568 References 584 CHAPTER 11 Mass Transfer 587 11-1 Introduction 587 11-2 Fick¡¯s Law of Diffusion 587 11-3 Diffusion in Gases 589 11-4 Diffusion in Liquids and Solids 593 11-5 The Mass-Transfer Coefficient 594 11-6 Evaporation Processes in the Atmosphere 597 Review Questions 600 List ofWorked Examples 601 Problems 601 References 603 CHAPTER 12 Summary and Design Information 605 12-1 Introduction 605 12-2 Conduction Problems 606 12-3 Convection Heat-Transfer Relations 608 12-4 Radiation Heat Transfer 623 12-5 Heat Exchangers 628 List ofWorked Examples 645 Problems 645 APPENDIXA Tables 649 A-1 The Error Function 649 A-2 Property Values for Metals 650 A-3 Properties of Nonmetals 654 A-4 Properties of Saturated Liquids 656 A-5 Properties of Air at Atmospheric Pressure 658 A-6 Properties of Gases at Atmospheric Pressure 659 A-7 Physical Properties of Some Common Low-Melting-Point Metals 661 A-8 Diffusion Coefficients of Gases and Vapors in Air at 25◦C and 1 atm 661 A-9 Properties ofWater (Saturated Liquid) 662 A-10 Normal Total Emissivity of Various Surfaces 663 A-11 Steel-Pipe Dimensions 665 A-12 Conversion Factors 666 APPENDIX B Exact Solutions of Laminar- Boundary-Layer Equations 667 APPENDIX C Analytical Relations for the Heisler Charts 673 viii Contents APPENDIX D Use of Microsoft Excel for Solution of Heat-Transfer Problems 679 D-1 Introduction 679 D-2 Excel Template for Solution of Steady-State Heat-Transfer Problems 679 D-3 Solution of Equations for Nonuniform Grid and/or Nonuniform Properties 683 D-4 Heat Sources and Radiation Boundary Conditions 683 D-5 Excel Procedure for Transient Heat Transfer 684 D-6 Formulation for Heating of Lumped Capacity with Convection and Radiation 697 List ofWorked Examples 712 References 712 Index 713 |
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