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Quantifying the vitamin D economy Abstract Vitamin D enters the body through multiple routes and in a variety of chemical forms. Utilization varies with input, demand, and genetics. Vitamin D and its metabolites are carried in the blood on a Gc protein that has three principal alleles with differing binding affinities and ethnic prevalence. Three major metabolites are produced, which act via two routes, endocrine and autocrine/paracrine, and in two compartments, extracellular and intracellular. Metabolic consumption is influenced by physiological controls, noxious stimuli, and tissue demand. When administered as a supplement, varying dosing schedules produce major differences in serum metabolite profiles. To understand vitamin D’s role in human physiology, it is necessary both to identify the foregoing entities, mechanisms, and pathways and, specifically, to quantify them. This review was performed to delineate the principal entities and transitions involved in the vitamin D economy, summarize the status of present knowledge of the applicable rates and masses, draw inferences about functions that are implicit in these quantifications, and point out implications for the determination of adequacy. KEYWORDS: 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D, inflammation, lactation, obesity, vitamin D 量化维生素D经济 摘要 维生素D通过多种途径以不同化学形式进入体内。其利用因摄入、需求和遗传而有所不同。Vitamin D and its metabolites are carried in the blood on a Gc protein that has three principal alleles with differing binding affinities and ethnic prevalence.血液中维生素D及其代谢产物通过Gc球蛋白（因亲和力和种族差异有三个主要的等位基因）进行分布。通过两种代谢途径（内分泌途径和自分泌/旁分泌途径）在两个区域（细胞内和细胞外)生成三种主要的代谢产物。代谢性消耗受生理控制、伤害刺激和组织需求等因素的影响。补充不同剂量的维生素D在血清代谢物特性方面有较大差异。为了理解维生素D在人体生理中的作用，有必要确定前述实体、作用机制和途径，并对其进行量化。This review was performed to delineate the principal entities and transitions involved in the vitamin D economy, summarize the status of present knowledge of the applicable rates and masses, draw inferences about functions that are implicit in these quantifications, and point out implications for the determination of adequacy.本综述主要阐述维生素D经济中的主体和演变，概括目前相关知识的可适用性和广泛性，通过对其生理作用定量分析而进行推论，和解释定量分析所代表的问题。 关键词：25 -羟基维生素D, 25-二羟基维生素D, 炎症, 哺乳期, 肥胖, 维生素D |
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