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[转帖]GRE作文全攻略
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GRE作文考试俨然已经是GRE考试最大的难关，(当初偶就是作文不太好,分数超低 )我们应该如何应对呢？看看下面这位作者的文章对你的作文肯定有帮助.顺便发了一些相关的作文附件(包括:分类题库\老外280篇\老外ARG\常用词汇2). 序言: 一直以来想为天下的寄托学子们做一些贡献,可是由于自身的时间问题以及不知如何下笔所以这个<作文全攻略>今天才问世(这个词用的不好,可是由于鄙人中文能力逐日剧减,(THAT IS, 我的英文写作能力剧增))关于中文表述部分大家将就着看吧 **在大家开始准备GRE之前先测试一下自己 1:你是否还处于迷茫之中? 2:是否清楚的明白自己为什么要考? 3:自己是否有决心(是长久的决心)坚持忍耐孤独? 4:是否能搁下那个虚假的感情(真心的彼此相爱除外)? 5:还有最后一点,知不知道你所申请的方向要什么成绩GRE? GMAT? LSAT? 好了,如果上面问题你的回答全是YES,那么恭喜你,上帝都会爱上你,从正文开始看.如果上面的问题有一个是NO,那么同样恭喜你,上帝爱你所以咬了你一口.请先看$处. $----- A:很多人总是说别人别为了出国而出国,可是我可以肯定的说没有几个人真正明白自己为什么要出去.不过这样反倒好,有个美好的幻想也是使梦想成真的一个很关键的因素.老余说的好,我们终日在逃避,逃避虚假的爱情,逃避别人虚假的关心.是的,我们都是在逃避.因为我们畏惧人生,畏惧生活,畏惧自己.想想当初的自己,害怕很多事情,害怕自己考试考不好,害怕自己申请失败从而没有了退路,害怕自己爱的人会离开自己.这种畏惧是每个人都要经历的,关键是看你怎么走过它,我很幸运,我走过来了,但是我整整走了一年.这一年我经受了各种各样身心的折磨与考验,然而我坚定的走过,我认为我是勇士,同时我也相信每个人都可以做到,会做的比我好.大家想知道是什么让我挺过来的么?那么我告诉你,是一句话, 仅仅三个单词的一句话”CHANGE OR DIE!” 这句话是一位中科大的GG告诉我的, 因为曾经就是这句话陪伴他走过了考试和申请的艰辛过程,现在他很逍遥的在德州理工读博了.我希望我把这句话送给大家能使大家也从中受益. 我相信每位GTER都会对这句话有不同的理解,但最终这句话实际上就是在告诉大家---你是想平庸的过一生呢还是想CHANGE,我不解释了,再说这句话就失去他的精华了. B:我还想说的是,不要把自己的幸福寄托在别人身上(特指感情), 幸福只有自己能给自己创造! C:至于考什么,商学院的学生只有MBA特定要GMAT,其他商学院的专业很多都是GRE可以代替GMAT的,比如MARKETING, MANAGEMENT,ACCOUNTING,等等.ECONOMICS更不用说了吧,GRE啊.还有就是大家最好打电话或者发EMAIL问问小米GRE接受不.一般学校都是可以接受的.大家也可以直接登陆各学校的主页在DEPARTMENT或ACADEMIC下自己查.法学的不用说了吧,LAST.所以以后别再问我到底是该考GRE还是GMAT这种问题. D:考G其实是一个培养自己独自学习的能力和承受孤独的过程,即便是杀G不成功你也会得到很多宝贵的东西,首先英语水平很大幅度的提高,其次,在塑造自身性格方面也会有很大收获.还有就是会认识很多有理想有斗志的朋友(但注意在交往的过程中要注意度,不要牵扯感情问题) E:最后要告诉大家,在考G的过程中失去的是命中注定要失去的,但在这个过程中得到的将是陪伴你终身的. 祝大家成功,下面转入正文. ISSUE高分必备 一:熟悉题库,每篇文章都要自己写出详细的提纲.下面是我关于老题库的一百多道题目的详细提纲: (这部分内容需要大概几天敲进去,所以目前先空着,我时间稍微空闲点我来补充) 二:自己要收集一些例子,往上很多前辈们都举了很多例子,所以能写出一些独特的例子是非常关键的,下面是我的例子.最关键的是大家要知道怎么灵活运用这些例子.理工科的兄弟姐妹没例子举没关系,你仔细记记我下面的这些. 1:科技类 1):Wills carrier的 air condition ,作用大家自己想吧,没空调是不是INDUSTRY都得关门了,大机器也别转了, 硅谷也挂了就 2):开普勒的行星三大定律(行星运动受太阳控制),哥白尼,伽利略当时都不解. 3):有兴趣才能干成事,比如哥白尼不学医学天文了,因此才有了日心说. 4):有怀疑是好的 还说小哥同志吧,在罗马大学任教时对天体理论产生怀疑因此有了他的<天体运动论>,牛顿也是的啊,怀疑才有了GRAVITY 5):发明是偶然得来的 阿基米德洗澡时发现浮力(BUOYANCY) 看见壶里水开了造了蒸汽船那个牛人是谁 6):谁说历史没有用 牛顿正是对开普勒,哥白尼,伽利略,布鲁诺等人的理论进行了研究才发现了他的力学三大定律和万有引力. 7):伟大的人是要后人去评价的 巴斯德发明高温消毒法别人都说他是疯子,BELL发明电话的时候别人说是玩具,然而他们的贡献只有我们这些后人才能理解 2:政治类 1)华盛顿受人拥戴,可他干了两界绝对不干了,还落下个好名声(这个例子有篇ISSUE说LEADER需要三年还是五年换一下能用上) 2)肯尼迪拨了240亿美元给阿波罗号,让人类完成了EXPLORE THE MOON(这个还能用到说POLITICAL LEADER 应该坚持自己的原则那个ISSUE中) 3)POLITICAL LEADER的人品更重要,比如WASHINGTON CUT THE CHEERY TREE AND SAID—I CAN NOT TELL A LIE. 4)HITLER太专制了 5)克林顿的性丑闻(公众人物被MASS MEDIA报道的ISSUE中用) 6)戴安娜王妃的车祸多半是被记者逼的,其次王妃的人格魅力,比如KINDNESS AND BOUYALTY 在POLITICAL LEADER的人格问题的ISSUE中用 3:艺术类 1):比奇特尔建筑不考虑规模,地点,类型,为任何人建造任何建筑.他的构想当时人也不理解(可用于一个人的成就需要后人去评价的问题中) 2):有理想才有现实/艺术反映心灵等的ISSUE 问题中 迪斯尼的米老鼠和唐老鸭为以后的美国人塑造了生活,思考,和实现梦想的方式 3):毕加索 在照相机使绘画陷入困境的时候大胆的创造了抽象作品. 4):BIG BELL 用于古建筑不能拆的问题中,因为it is still one of the important parts of English lives. 5):BANK OF CHINA TOWER Buildings represent our intellectual and business behavior.你说那能拆么! 4:教育类和学习类 1):交叉学科的重要性 用于好多个类似的ISSUE题目,比如一个领域需要别的领域的专家去把他们的知识带进来等等.比如:生化,物化,经济中的运筹,统计等等 2):教育学生要交给他们方法,而不是单纯灌输,否则没有新的THEORIES产生了. SPECIAL AND GENERAL THEORY OF RELATIVITY 和 GRAVITY 还有FREE FALL等都可以举 3):家长教育孩子的重要性,比如爱因斯坦他那伟大的叔叔(关于爱因斯坦,大家看第二部分花语语的特殊贡献部分) 还有比如THE ART OF WAR 或者UNCLE TOM’S CABINE 这些著作大家也得知道. 做吴中东的阅读理解时那二百多篇文章其实本身就是很好的例子,大家做完阅读要仔细总结 三:花语语特殊贡献一篇文章让你ISSUE至少提高一分,让你解决至少五十个ISSUE问题.让你知道爱因斯坦是多么的牛 In the year Nineteen-five, Albert Einstein published some important papers in a German scientific magazine. They included one of the most important scientific documents in history. It was filled with mathematics. It explained that came to be called his “special theory of relativity” Ten years later he expanded it to a “General theory of relativity” 这段第一是不是可以解决很多个科学家的例子, 第二可以解决例如前人对社会贡献大还是后人对社会贡献大 第三可以解决例如一个人的成就要后人来评价的几个问题 Albert was a quiet child who spent much of his time alone. He was slow to talk and had difficulty learning to read. 这句第一解决了不能从小去培养天才那道题目. Albert did not like school . The German school of that time were not pleasant. Students could not ask questions. Albert said he felt as if he were in prison. 这句第一解决了学校应该鼓励学生怀疑精神的那个ISSUE 第二解决了学校应该交给学生学习的方法(逻辑推理)而不是直接灌输结果 One story says Albert told his uncle Jacob how much he hated school. Especially mathematics. His uncle told his to solve mathematics problems by pretending too be a policeman. 这句解决了家长教育孩子的重要性的问题 第二解决了有兴趣才能干成事情的ISSUE问题 Albert decided that he wanted to teach mathematics and physics. He attended the Federal Polytechnic Institute in Zurich, Switzerland. He graduated with honors, but could not get a teaching job. So he began working for the Swiss government as an inspector of patents for new inventions, The job was not demanding. He had a lot of time to think about some of his scientific theories. 这句话首先解决了选择职业要根据自己的兴趣而不是看工作和薪水那道比较难的ISSUE题目 第二解决了不是努力就能办成一件事(不过这个举在这里不是非常贴切,这道题看我下面的分析) In Nineteen-Twenty-one, he won the Nobel Prize in Physics. It was given to him, not for his theory of relativity, but for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect. 第一解决了伟大成果是要看奖励的,我们可以看到虽然没得诺贝尔奖,但这个理论的成就是无法否认的 第二解决了前人成就要后人来评价 Albert taught in Switzerland and Germany. He left Germany when Adolph Hitler can to power in Nineteen –Thirty-Three. He moved to United States to continue his research. 第一解决了Political leader 不能太专政 第二解决了不能选择的事情少之又少 Albert was a famous man, but you would not have known that by looking at him. His white hair was long and wild. He wore old clothes. He showed an inner joy when he was playing his violin or talking about his work. 这个问题解决了不能通过外表和穿着来评价一个人那道题目. Albert spent the last twenty-five years of his time working on what he called a “unified field theory” he hoped to find a common mathematics statement that could tie together all the different parts of physics. He did not succeed. 第一解决了专家也犯错 第二解决了光靠努力不一定能干成 第三解决了找事物的相同点更是难 (备注:由于我对爱因斯坦比较感兴趣,去年我哥,其实也就是你们的在职斑竹FRENKIE去年发给我的一些VOA和华盛顿邮报里面的一篇文章,我读完后觉得这篇文章对GRE学子们写作文用处很大,所以就把他的各段分别做批注了,好好读这篇文章并看我的讲解,让你ISSUE至少提高一分) 四:段落结构安排(这个要根据情况看, 有的人喜欢开头,结尾,中间三段 我写的时候一般都是开头,结尾,中间四段,其实很容易例子多了写四段很容易.) 首段---不要重抄题目.在此段写明自己的观点,分为:完全同意,完全否定,保留性同意,保留性反对,折中.五种. 我建议不要写折中 中间的前三段---(或前两段)正面表述你的观点 中间最后一段---让步承认最终否定作者观点 末段---总结上文并升华主题 五:关于改作文的强调: 1): 找个比你水平高的给你改,最好对方属于直言不讳型的,直接刺激你,指出你的缺点(有点像在入党,呵呵) 2);自己给自己改.不要觉得自己给自己该就是把文章再扫描一遍,其实当你认真看完自己在限时内写的文章那些低级错误你都觉得自己写的是垃圾.这有助于你在下次写时时刻提醒不要犯类似错误. 六:关于背诵 当然要背,我只背了一篇,是新概念三的39课,光一篇文章就让我又记了好几个例子,是写小伽同志的.两个小球同时落地那篇.而且,让我写作时把平行排比这种句型用的非常的棒. 新概念三背十篇足以,当然象我背一篇也受益. |
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三：常用句型 1.The arguer provides no assurance that the survey on which the argument depends is statistically reliable. Unless the survey’s respondents are representative of the overall population of _____, the arguer cannot rely on it to conclude/predict that ___________. 2.Lacking such evidence the author cannot draw any firm conclusion based on the study. 3.In the first place, the evidence the author provides is insufficient to support the conclusion drawn from it. 4.One example is rarely sufficient to establish a general conclusion. 5.Unless it can be shown that A1 is representative of all A, the conclusion that B is completely unwarranted. 6.n fact, in face of such limited evidence, it is fallacious to draw any conclusion at all. 7.The most egregious reasoning error is the author’s use of evidence about sth in this region as the basis for a generalization about all _______. The underlying assumption is that sth in this region are representative of all _______________. 8.However, no evidence is offered to support this assumption. 9.The author’s general claim applies to all who ____, not just to those who __________. The author’s generalization is unreliable because it is based on a sample that clearly does not represent all. 10.The author’s generalization based on this research is unreliable. The research was based on a sample in which ___. However, the author applied the research findings to a target population that include all users, many of whom would probably not _______________. 11.The author assumes that A bears some relation with B. However, no evidence is offered to support this assumption. Lacking evidence that links A to B, it is presumptuous to suggest that A was responsible for B. 12.It does not establish a general causal relationship. To establish this relationship, other factors that could bring about this result must be considered and eliminated (ruled out). For example, _____________________. 13.The argument commits a fallacy of “after this, therefore because of this”. 14.The author assumes that just because one event follows another, the second event has been caused by the first. 15.However, no evidence is provided to support that this is the case.] 16.The mere fact that A occurs before B does not necessarily establish a causal relationship between A and B. 17.Many other factors could bring about these results. For instance/for example, ___________. 18.The fact that the author fails to consider and rule out these factors made the recommendation greatly suspect/unconvincing. 19.The author commits a fallacy of “false analogy”. The argument depends on a misleading comparison between A and B. However, these two business/industries/fields are too dissimilar for a meaningful comparison. 20.The author also assumes that what is true of A will likewise be true of B. But there are all kinds of important differences between A and B. As a result, A and B do not establish a warranted analogy. So we cannot safely assume that _______________. 21.By concluding that sb must A or must do B, the author commits a fallacy of “false dilemma”. The author assumes that A and B are the only available solutions to the problem. However, it is possible that other factors such as C, D might also contribute to the problem. If so, just doing A and B would not solve the problem. 22.The author assumes that A and B are mutually exclusive alternatives. However, the author provides no reason for imposing an either-or choice. A and B together might produce better results. Moreover, if the author is wrong in assuming that A and B are the only causes of the problem, then the most effective solutions might include a complex of policy change – for example, a, b, c, d and e. 23.In conclusion, this argument is weak because the author oversimplifies both the problem and the solutions. To strengthen the argument the author must examine all factors that might account for (the problem) _________. Additionally, the author should consider all possible solutions to determine which combination would bring about the greatest (result). 24.The recommendation depends on the additional unsubstantiated assumption that the means would be sufficient to solve the problem. Absent evidence that this is the case, it is equally possible that _________. As a result, adopting the program would not suffice by itself. 25.It is assumed without justification that background conditions have remained the same at different times/conditions. 26.It is an unwarranted assumption for the simple reason that things rarely remain the same/unchanged over extended periods of time, and things rarely remain the same from place to place. 27.The evidence/facts cannot lend support to the claim/assumption/assertion that __________. 28.There is no guarantee that this is the case, nor does the author cite any evidence to support this assumption. 29.It is highly (entirely, quite) possible/likely that other factors may have caused (contribute to, determine, bring about, account for, be responsible for, lead to, result in, give rise to) B. For example, _________. In addition, _______________. 30.The argument can be sustained only if these and other possible factors can be completely ruled out as contributing to B. 四：找不出错误的补救，让你至少保证四分． |
3楼2005-05-15 15:00:19
续上
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七: 我自己写的三篇文章(这都是我定时写完从写作工具上粘贴下来的,写完没有修改过,比较失败的文章,错误百出,现提供给大家来找缺点,同时批判性的提高自己的能力(当然,牛人你们就别看了,你们还是看老外280好些)1) The speaker asserts that political leaders should not tell truth all the time otherwise they would lose useful virtues. I agree with the speaker insofar as political leaders should withhold some information which in some degree is good for their citizens. In the first place, withhold some information sometimes could make people do not agony. As we know, some information always makes people extremely focus to the condition of some thing which would make people agony and anxiety. For examples, political leaders should withhold information when a big disease come up and do not find solution. Political leaders should not tell people the information about how many people die in the disease and how quickly the disease prevails. I means withhold such information is not to cheat citizens and make them catch disease but to make people do not feel too anxiety which would lead some physiological stress and a big chaos in society. Withhold the information about disease is good for citizens in this case. In the second place, some information should withhold even desire to close to citizens otherwise it may make political leaders difficult to make a decision which sometimes makes a society trapped in an unsafty condition. For instance, when some confliction come up between two countries that would lead to break, in another words a war would come on, which would make people defer to it and unsatisfied with government, moreover, people would do some thing to counter the war which would largely influence political leaders to make rational decision to pretend their countries and counter other countries. On the other hand, offer such information would make citizens feel too unsafty in order to lose the trust to their governments. Though withhold some information is desirable. In the third place, political leaders sometimes have rights to avoid tell truth such as information about their private lives and some important information about the nation. Consider that mass media makes people more and more interested in public persons' private lives which always make public persons such as political leaders feel nervures. In this case, political leaders should withhold their private information do not need to tell truth for public. Admittedly, political leader should be loyalty which is a main standard to measure a political leader. As we know, Lady Diana spinster who is the princess of Whale was respected by people for her kindness and loyalty not for her technical skills. Washington who is the president of United States was famous for his virtue with a story that he cut down the cherry tree and said that he should not tell a lie. In sum, political leaders should not tell truth all the time otherwise would cause people feel anxiety and in some degree make their country unsafty. Since people should not understand some decision made by political leaders and know they know some information is not a good thing for them. While, political leaders should be loyalty which make them respected by their citizens and make their managements effective and efficiency. 2): The speaker asserts that we can amend our mistakes, which we think we face much more complex and difficult things than our predecessors, through increasing knowledge and experience. I agree with the speaker that our predecessors solve lots of problems, which is more difficult than our. In the first place, as innovators predecessors face more complex problems, which seem like easy in our time but are extremely difficult in old time with poor technology and few tools or methods. Considering people in old time should do life in their own, I mean that they have no examples to follow so that they should think over every thing they faced and find solutions to through out problems. For example, people in old time should do works and farming at day time because there were no lights or boobs at night to light them. In order to solve the problems, Volt, a famous scientist who contributes a lot to physics, invented the boom through testing one thousand times. Bomb seems like common and easy in contemporary time, because of we have large knowledge of physics, however, in the old time this kind of invention really changed old world. We can see how great old scientists are. In the second place, comparing with our predecessors, we seems like do a little in discovering new things and ideas. Some people may advocate that scientists in our time innovate lots of contributing things; nevertheless, we should think that inventions and discoveries in our times largely depend on set theories and methods, which are discovered by our predecessors with long time research and hard discovering and testing. For instance, scientists design planets to settle the moon and explore outer space use physics and astronomy knowledge. However, if Newton did not discover theory of gravity and Albert Einstein did not set the special and general theory of relativity our scientist may not design planets and experts in physics and astronomy would do nothing in now days researching. In the third place, our predecessors set lots of great theories and create lots of contributing works, which is also as a surprise in our time that our experts think these works seems so complex that they could even not create them. Consider great work The Art of War, written by a Chinese writer, is influence business and politic realm generation by generation. Many artists now do not think some contemporary writer could write such great work. The Art of War is used to solve many business problems and help managers to make strategies in every generation, that is, old works some times indicate our life. Admittedly, our scientists and innovators also contribute a lot to our society that we should respect them as great person. As we know, science and technology make our life happy and easy, such as computer, which creates a convenient condition for shopping and communication, and connect countries all over the word in a system. However, we should know that such great developments depend on our predecessors’ contribution. In short, we should not ignore our predecessors' achievements. In sum, our predecessors contribute so much to our society that we should respect them as greatest man in our nations. At the same time we should continue to study great works and theories discovered by our predecessors, may be we should find some new things from studying these contributions. 3): The speaker asserts that vides camera become more and more important and meaningful that it can in stand of other documentation styles such as written records. I agree with the speaker insofar as video camera can record some valuable circumstances and matters. However, written as a main record style it often plays an important role that no other ways could in stand of it. In the first place, written record invented by our predecessors is a heritage, which affects our life generation by generation, which document lots of valuable information about our history, and which play a key role in our daily life that no other kind of documentation would in stand of it. For example, China has a long ever lasting history contianing the inventions of compass and paper produce process, and it also contains some great books, which affect our life and business and strategy behavior, such as The Art of War. Consider without written records, we would lose such great documentations, moreover, we would ignore much meaningful heritages. I mean that written records contribute lots in our society. In the second place, written records document some information, which could be recorded only by written, in another words, video camera could not record some special information. For instance, when we plan to document our emotions with others and with the atmosphere, we should only record them by writing down in papers. Video camera could not document affection through recording one's looking or behaviors, since it could not express one's emotion. On the other hand, video camera could not record some data about hills and rivers, that is, when we want to descript a mountain with a high level we could not use video camera to record unless we use a large camera with a larger size than the mountain, however, I think no one can make a so large camera. In short, video camera sometimes could not record some information. In the third place, we should consider other advantage about written records, and should also consider that video camera would cause some problems in documenting some things. For example, written records are convenient in documenting than video cameras. We could record anything we want to document no matter in what place, what time, and what circumstance. This kind of advantage could not in stand of by video camera, even though the size of video camera is became more and more little, however, the data is recorded by video camera should easily lose when the power is low or when the video camera is broken, which would bring some unnecessary problems. Admittedly, video camera could record some meaningful information which is also interesting and necessary for us. For instance, video camera could record some voices and pictures, which could not be recorded by written, which clearly stand for circumstances one want to record. Consider a happy festival with a good decoration, people enjoying themselves in there and they dancing and singing. I think in this kind of condition video camera could attribute a lot. In sum, video camera sometimes could record some meaningful things and circumstances, however, written records as a main way to document is necessary and even desirable, that is, we should not suspend its value for ever. 八:一点建议 把自己容易写错的单词拿个本子记下来,常用例子抄下来背背,精彩段落也摘抄下来. 我写了好厚一本.现在看着都觉得很有成就感 九:老外280的范文,以及很多相关资料的下载看最下面的附件. ARGUMENT高分必备 小序:我的强项属于ARGUMENT了,相信大家也都想着用阿狗去拉分,可是如何写出最完美的阿狗文章呢,请大家仔细研读本章节. 一:常见的FALLACY名称1: FALSE ANALOGY 错误类比，比如两个不相关的城市拿来比 2: CAUSAL OVERSIMPLIFICATION positive correlation当成 causal connection了 3: FALSE DILEMMA 错误的两难困境，也就是说还有别的选择 4: MISAPPLIED GENERALIZATION 错误下结论，还有别的方法 5: ONE SIDEDNESS 不一定就会达到那样的效果，可能还有别的因素限制 6: INFORMATION TOO VAGUE 样本选的不好，ＳＵＲＶＥＹ的问题 7: APPEAL TO IGNORANCE 没抱怨不等于没意见 8: HASTY GENERALIZATION 轻易下结论 二：ＡＲＧＵＭＥＮＴ的各段攻略 １）首段的写法 先写结论错了，再写作者用什么去支持这个错误结论了 ２）中间段写法 首句指出错误名称，举例攻击他，至少找三个错误 ３）结尾段写法 首句重申ＡＲＧＵ是错的，为了让人信服作者应该怎么样． |
2楼2005-05-15 14:59:43