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铁尾矿，是指将破碎的铁矿石在球磨机里加水湿磨到一定细度，按其性质磁选得到铁精矿后排放的细粒态废渣。由于铁尾矿的利用率不高，大量的铁尾矿只能用来筑坝堆存，但因其含水率较高，堆存不稳定，筑坝的风险性很大。因此，寻找一种安全的尾矿堆存技术对于矿山生产企业意义重大。 本文以昆钢罗茨地区的铁尾矿作为研究对象，从尾矿的物理、化学性质入手，研究铁尾矿沉降和固化的影响因素，为它的固化堆存和胶结充填提供理论依据。研究结果表明： （1）铁尾矿主要由SiO2、Al2O3、Na2O、CaO、 Fe3O4等组分构成，其矿物相以石英为主；尾矿的颗粒尺寸在7.85μm -77.1μm之间，占总尾矿量的85%以上，属于微细粒尾矿；尾矿的渗透系数均值为1.94×10-4 cm/s，属于高渗透土；铁尾矿的内摩擦角和内聚力的均值分别为16°和0.16KPa，可见其堆存稳定性较差。 （2）铁尾矿原浆的浓度为30%左右，它经过自然沉降可以在90min内提高到50%以上，可满足尾矿固化堆存对浓度的要求，但为了满足胶结充填对尾矿浓度的要求（铁尾矿沉降浓度在90min内达到60%以上），需要寻找合适的絮凝剂。本文选择了PAM、PAC、SDBS和CMC这四种对铁尾矿沉降效果明显的絮凝剂，考察并确定它们的适宜掺量范围。 （3）本文通过四因素三水平正交优选实验考察了上述四种絮凝剂之间的复配协同效应，根据正交实验的分析结果最终选定了PAM、PAC和CMC这三种絮凝剂，它们之间的最适配比为：PAM：PAC：CMC =6：3：2；通过絮凝剂的最适掺量实验，确定了复配絮凝剂的最适掺量为3.0‰。当复配的絮凝剂掺量为3.0‰时，浆体的沉降层浓度可以达到63.47%，与浓度为30%的矿浆自然沉降90min后的沉降层浓度52.64%相比，加入复配絮凝剂后浆体沉降层的浓度提高了20.57%，满足尾矿胶结充填对浆体浓度的要求。 （4）本文通过单因素实验考察了固化剂胶凝组分在不同掺量下对尾矿固化体性能的影响，并得出了固化剂各胶凝组分的最适掺量范围，其配比为：矿物激发剂矿物激发剂：26%，脱硫石膏：5%，碱性激发剂硅钙激发剂：6%，粉煤灰：8%，矿渣：55%。通过单因素实验选出了合适的外加剂，其最佳方案为：NC：0.6%，NS：1.6%，NCO：0.2%，FC：0.8%，掺量为固化剂总掺量的3.2%。 （5）本文考察了工艺参数（固化剂掺量和铁尾矿浆体浓度）对尾矿固化体性能的影响，通过实验可以得出：对浓度为50%的铁尾矿浆体，当固化剂掺量为5%时，固化体7d后的强度可以达到0.32MPa，内聚力可达到122.3KPa，内摩擦角可达到28.6°，固化体28d后的强度可达到0.56MPa，内聚力可达到154.7KPa，内摩擦角可达到33.5°，在实际生产中，可以满足固化干堆的要求；对浓度为60%的尾矿浆体，当固化剂掺量大于10%时，固化体7d后的强度可以达到0.51MPa，内聚力可达到142.3KPa，内摩擦角可达到32.1°，固化体28d后的强度可达到0.78MPa，内聚力可达到169.4KPa，内摩擦角可达到36.7°，在实际生产中，可以满足尾矿胶结充填的要求。通过尾矿固化体的水稳性实验可以得知，当浆体浓度达到50%，固化剂掺量大于5%时，尾矿固化体遇水浸泡时不会发生形变及泥化现象，能够满足尾矿的稳定堆存。 （6）通过原尾矿和尾矿固化体水化产物的XRD图谱对比可知，后者在固化剂胶凝组分的参与下，经水化反应后会生成了由Ca、Si、Al、S组成的硅铝酸盐类和硫铝硅酸盐类矿物，这是尾矿固化体强度的主要来源； SEM的分析结果表明，最初呈堆积状的原尾矿颗粒经叠片状和针棒状的水化产物相互交错、填充、包裹等作用连接成致密的整体，使尾矿固化体表现出了一定的强度。 （7）本文以年产20万吨铁尾矿固化剂为生产依据，计算出了固化剂的生产成本，与传统的水泥固化剂相比，本文所用的固化剂具有以下优点：生产成本较低、生产不易受资金限制；以每年处理400万吨铁尾矿为计算依据，通过对生产设备、原材料以及加工成本等的技术经济分析，得出尾矿固化技术与传统的堆存技术相比具有操作工艺简便、堆存稳定性高、投资成本低等优点。 关键词：铁尾矿；沉降；固化剂；固化干堆；胶结充填 |
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武汉一心一译 
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铁尾矿，是指将破碎的铁矿石在球磨机里加水湿磨到一定细度，按其性质磁选得到铁精矿后排放的细粒态废渣。由于铁尾矿的利用率不高，大量的铁尾矿只能用来筑坝堆存，但因其含水率较高，堆存不稳定，筑坝的风险性很大。因此，寻找一种安全的尾矿堆存技术对于矿山生产企业意义重大。 Firstly we put the meshed raw iron ores into ball mill and add water to obtain iron ore powder of certain fineness, then according to the different properties of the components of the iron ore powder, the powder was magnetically separated into iron ore concentrates and fine particle slags, which basically are the so-called iron tailings. Due to the lower use ratio, large amounts of iron tailings are just piled up for damp building, however due to the high moisture content, the piles of moisture content are not stable, causing big risk in damp building. Therefore, seeking a safe tailings storage technology is of great significance to mining enterprises. 本文以昆钢罗茨地区的铁尾矿作为研究对象，从尾矿的物理、化学性质入手，研究铁尾矿沉降和固化的影响因素，为它的固化堆存和胶结充填提供理论依据。研究结果表明： In this paper, iron tailings in Kunming steel roots region were adopted as the research object, we analyzed the physical and chemical factors that could impact the sedimentation and solidification of the iron tailings, providing theoretical basis for its solidified pile up and cemented filling. The research results show: （1）铁尾矿主要由SiO2、Al2O3、Na2O、CaO、 Fe3O4等组分构成，其矿物相以石英为主；尾矿的颗粒尺寸在7.85μm -77.1μm之间，占总尾矿量的85%以上，属于微细粒尾矿；尾矿的渗透系数均值为1.94×10-4 cm/s，属于高渗透土；铁尾矿的内摩擦角和内聚力的均值分别为16°和0.16KPa，可见其堆存稳定性较差。 (1) The iron tailing mainly consists of SiO2、Al2O3、Na2O、CaO、 Fe3O4, and the mineral face is mainly quartz; The iron tailing particles, ranging from 7.85μm -77.1μm in size, account for over 85% of total quantity, the iron tailing as a whole is a kind of fine-grained tailings; Iron tailing belongs to the range of high permeable soil, because of the 1.94×10-4 cm/s of average permeability coefficient; Since its average internal friction angle is 16°as well as the average cohesion is 0.16KPa, the stability of pile-up of iron tailing is obviously low. （2）铁尾矿原浆的浓度为30%左右，它经过自然沉降可以在90min内提高到50%以上，可满足尾矿固化堆存对浓度的要求，但为了满足胶结充填对尾矿浓度的要求（铁尾矿沉降浓度在90min内达到60%以上），需要寻找合适的絮凝剂。本文选择了PAM、PAC、SDBS和CMC这四种对铁尾矿沉降效果明显的絮凝剂，考察并确定它们的适宜掺量范围。 (2) Normally, the concentration of iron tailings slurry is about 30%, and this value can rise to 50% in 90 min after natural sedimentation, which can then meet the requirements of concentration for the solidified pile up of iron tailings. However, in order to meeting the requirements of concentration for cemented filling of iron tailings- the concentration reach 60% in 90 min after natural sedimentation- we need a proper flocculant. In this paper, we presented four kinds of flocculants like PAM, PAC,SDBS and CMC that have been proved to be effective to the enhancement of sedimentation of iron tailing, and discussed the most proper dosage range of these flocculants. （3）本文通过四因素三水平正交优选实验考察了上述四种絮凝剂之间的复配协同效应，根据正交实验的分析结果最终选定了PAM、PAC和CMC这三种絮凝剂，它们之间的最适配比为：PAM：PAC：CMC =6：3：2；通过絮凝剂的最适掺量实验，确定了复配絮凝剂的最适掺量为3.0‰。当复配的絮凝剂掺量为3.0‰时，浆体的沉降层浓度可以达到63.47%，与浓度为30%的矿浆自然沉降90min后的沉降层浓度52.64%相比，加入复配絮凝剂后浆体沉降层的浓度提高了20.57%，满足尾矿胶结充填对浆体浓度的要求。 (3) By conducting orthogonal optimization experiment based on four factors and three levels, we investigated the mixed effect among the four flocculants and finally decided to choose PAM、PAC and CMC according to the results of orthogonal optimization experiment, and also got the optimal ratio: PAM：PAC：CMC =6：3：2. In addition, through testing on the optimal dosage of compound flocculant, we determined that 3.0‰ was the optima value, which can help to increase the initial sedimentation layer concentration by 20.57% to the final to the 63.47% after being adding the iron slurry (in contrast, by natural sedimentation for 90 min, the iron slurry was just increased from initial 30% to 52.64% ), meeting the requirement of concentration for cemented filling of iron tailings. （4）本文通过单因素实验考察了固化剂胶凝组分在不同掺量下对尾矿固化体性能的影响，并得出了固化剂各胶凝组分的最适掺量范围，其配比为：矿物激发剂矿物激发剂：26%，脱硫石膏：5%，碱性激发剂硅钙激发剂：6%，粉煤灰：8%，矿渣：55%。通过单因素实验选出了合适的外加剂，其最佳方案为：NC：0.6%，NS：1.6%，NCO：0.2%，FC：0.8%，掺量为固化剂总掺量的3.2%。 (4) In this paper, we conducted single factor experiment to investigate the different curing performances of curing agent with different dosages of bonding components of the, and concluded the optimal dosage range of the bonding components in the curing agent: mineral exciting agent：26%， FGD gypsum：5%，alkali excitant & calcium silicon excitant：6%，coal ash：8%， slag：55%。In addition, also through single factor experiment, we determined proper admixture with optimal solution: NC：0.6%，NS：1.6%，NCO：0.2%，FC：0.8%, of which the dosage should be 3.2% of the total added curing agent. （5）本文考察了工艺参数（固化剂掺量和铁尾矿浆体浓度）对尾矿固化体性能的影响，通过实验可以得出：对浓度为50%的铁尾矿浆体，当固化剂掺量为5%时，固化体7d后的强度可以达到0.32MPa，内聚力可达到122.3KPa，内摩擦角可达到28.6°，固化体28d后的强度可达到0.56MPa，内聚力可达到154.7KPa，内摩擦角可达到33.5°，在实际生产中，可以满足固化干堆的要求；对浓度为60%的尾矿浆体，当固化剂掺量大于10%时，固化体7d后的强度可以达到0.51MPa，内聚力可达到142.3KPa，内摩擦角可达到32.1°，固化体28d后的强度可达到0.78MPa，内聚力可达到169.4KPa，内摩擦角可达到36.7°，在实际生产中，可以满足尾矿胶结充填的要求。通过尾矿固化体的水稳性实验可以得知，当浆体浓度达到50%，固化剂掺量大于5%时，尾矿固化体遇水浸泡时不会发生形变及泥化现象，能够满足尾矿的稳定堆存。 (5)In this paper, we investigated the effect of technique parameters ( dosage of curing agent and concentration of iron tailing slurry) on the property of solidified body of iron tailings, the experiment results showed that: For the iron tailing slurry with 50% concentration, adding curing agent with dosage of 5% will lead to a new curing agent with 0.32MPa strength, 122.3KPa cohesion, 28.6°internal friction angle in 7 days, and later 0.56MPa strength, 154.7KPa cohesion, 33.5°internal friction angle in 28 days, which can fully meet the requirement for solidified pile up of iron tailing in practical production. While, for the iron tailing slurry with 60% concentration, adding curing agent with dosage over 5% will make a new curing agent with 0.51MPa strength, 142.3KPa cohesion, 32.1°internal friction angle in 7 days, and later 0.78MPa strength, 169.4KPa cohesion, 36.7 internal friction angle in 28 days, which can fully meet the requirement for cemented filling of iron tailing in practical production. Through conducting experiment on the water stability of iron tailing solidified body, we can know that when the iron tailing slurry concentration was 50%, and the dosage of the curing agent was over 5%, no mud phenomenon or distortion will happen to solidified body of iron tailing being soaked in water, meeting the requirements for stable pile up of iron tailings. （6）通过原尾矿和尾矿固化体水化产物的XRD图谱对比可知，后者在固化剂胶凝组分的参与下，经水化反应后会生成了由Ca、Si、Al、S组成的硅铝酸盐类和硫铝硅酸盐类矿物，这是尾矿固化体强度的主要来源； SEM的分析结果表明，最初呈堆积状的原尾矿颗粒经叠片状和针棒状的水化产物相互交错、填充、包裹等作用连接成致密的整体，使尾矿固化体表现出了一定的强度。 (6) Comparing the XRD patterns of the hydrates of original iron tailings and solidified body of iron tailings, the solidified body of iron tailings, in the presence of bonding components of the curing agent, will produce the sialic acid salts and sulfur aluminum silicate minerals consist of Ca、Si、Al、S elements after hydration reaction, which can mostly account for the strength of the solidified body of iron tailings; According to the analysis result of SEM, the initial pile-up of iron tailing particles, together with the folding sheets and needle bars of hydration products, will go on a process of intertwining, filling and wraping each other before becoming a compact structure, increasing the strength of solidified body in some degree. （7）本文以年产20万吨铁尾矿固化剂为生产依据，计算出了固化剂的生产成本，与传统的水泥固化剂相比，本文所用的固化剂具有以下优点：生产成本较低、生产不易受资金限制；以每年处理400万吨铁尾矿为计算依据，通过对生产设备、原材料以及加工成本等的技术经济分析，得出尾矿固化技术与传统的堆存技术相比具有操作工艺简便、堆存稳定性高、投资成本低等优点。 (7) In this paper, based on production capacity of annual 200000 tons of iron tailings, we calculated the production cost of curing agents, comparing with the conventional cement curing agent, the curing agent proposed in this paper possesses advantages including lower production cost and less limitation on funds; Based on processing capacity of annual 4 million tons of iron tailings, and through economic analysis of production equipment, raw materials and processing cost, we concluded that compared with the conventional piling up technique, the iron tailing curing technology is more superior for more simple processing technique, higher stability of piling up starage, and lower investment cost. 关键词：铁尾矿；沉降；固化剂；固化干堆；胶结充填 Keywords: Iron Tailings; Sedimentation; Curing Agent; Solidified Dry Heaping; Cemented Filling |
2楼2015-04-17 13:13:39