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hardstones

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[资源] 《Polymer Brushes: Synthesis, Characterization, Applications》

Polymer Brushes: Synthesis, Characterization, Applications

By Rigoberto C. Advincula, William J. Brittain, Kenneth C. Caster, Jürgen Rühe

Publisher: Wiley-VCH
Number Of Pages: 501
Publication Date: 2004-10-08
ISBN-10 / ASIN: 3527310339
ISBN-13 / EAN: 9783527310333
Binding: Hardcover

Preface
Amongst others, notably industrial coatings, barriers, packaging, laminates, and lubricants, have been associated with the modification of the surface of an object so as to have a specific interaction or non-interaction towards an external environment. These terms have mostly implied the use of organic polymer, surfactant, and resin type materials. While a large body of academic and technical literature associated with bulk films and coatings already exists, development of ultra thin coatings of the sub-micron order has recently become of great interest, spanning a new field of surface engineers in the last decade. In the area of organic and polymer thin films, one may be familiar with the more common industrial techniques like spin-coating, dipcoating, doctor blade coating, and roll-to-roll coating processes. At the few nm thickness regimes, the application of both self-assembly and directed-assembly methods becomes fascinating. Some of the more “nanostructured” assemblies include: Langmuir-Blodgett films, self-assembled monolayers (multilayers), alternate polyelectrolyte (sequential) deposition, and thermal and molecular beam epitaxy methods of evaporated organic molecules. To these examples, one can now add the method of thin films by polymer brushes.

The study of polymer brushes has long been dominated by physicists because of their interest in investigating macromolecule phenomena in confined environments. From the theoretical standpoint, end-tethering of polymers reduces the degrees of freedom for different macromolecule conformations such that it is possible to define a “stretch” conformation for a neutral polymer. From the experimental side numerous innovative surface sensitive spectroscopic and microscopic methods have been developed and applied as a result of this interest. Grafting density, surface concentration, osmotic pressure, solvent quality, interaction parameters, etc. are important factors to consider in experimental methods. Due to the predominance of“physisorption” models in the formation of these confined polymers, not much focus has been given yet on chemically grafted polymers, which are more thermodynamically robust. For a while, chemisorption methods were popular, but very soon, it was realized that significantly higher grafting densities are not achievable with this method. In the area of polymer grafting, a lot of previous work can be cited on particle modification and the use of plasma or irradiation initiated polymerizations.

With the recent advances in polymer synthetic methodologies and their adaptation to surface chemistry, it has become possible for synthetic chemists to reclaim this field. The contribution of late is evident. In a technique called “grafting from”, a highly cited term from the first papers by R?he and Pr?cker, it is possible to associate the formation of polymer brushes as a type of surface initiated polymerization. Contributions to this field are numerous and we have tried to include in this book the works by Brittain, Huck, Menzel, Fukuda, Matyjaszewski, Bruening, Minko, Stamm, M?ller, Luzinov, Dyer, Advincula, Seery, Quirk, Stamm, Tsukruk, Zauscher, Boyes, Baker, Ballauf, Caster, Genzer, Faust, their co-authors and many others (see list of contributors). However, this field is growing and is indeed very interdisciplinary.

The book starts with an introduction and overview of the field by Ruhe. The subsequent chapters are then grouped into three major parts: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications. Each division begins with a review chapter by the editors. This is followed by individual contributions and reviews from invited authors. In Synthesis, an overview in Chapter 1 gives the highlights of recent advances in synthetic methodologies. Efforts have been made to include living free-radical polymerization (Chapters 2 and 3), ring-opening polymerizations (Chapter 4 and 5), cationic polymerization (Chapter 6), and hyper branched polymer synthesis (Chapter 9). Other polymerization mechanisms are reviewed in Chapter 1. In Characterization, it was helpful to outline the different methods for polymer brush analysis on both flat film substrates and particles (Chapter 10). The characterization of particles and flat surfaces is exemplified in Chapters 11, 12 and Chapters 13, 14, 15, 16, respectively. Lastly in the application part, the review in Chapter 17 gives an excellent overview of the myriads of possibilities in applications of polymer brushes: from microelectronics to bio-applications. The contributions include patterning (Chapter 18, 19), mixed polymer brushes (Chapter 20, 21), nano-object movement (Chapter 22), and photochemical strategies in applications (Chapter 23). More chapters could have been included but this collection should well suffice to whet the appetite of the readers. A number of reviews have been written but this work should be the most comprehensive yet. It is hoped that this book will be a valuable reference and resource to scientists, engineers, and technologists in this rapidly evolving field.

Contents
Preface XV

List of Contributors XVII

Polymer Brushes: On the Way to Tailor-Made Surfaces 1

Part I Synthesis 33
1 Recent Advances in Polymer Brush Synthesis 35
2 Polymer Brushes by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization 51
3 Polymer Brushes by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization Initiated from
Macroinitiator Synthesized on the Surface 69
4 Synthesis of Polypeptide Brushes 87
5 Bottle Brush Brushes: Ring-Opening Polymerization
of Lactide from Poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) Surfaces 105
6 Preparation of Well-Defined Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Nanostructures using
Living Cationic Surface-Initiated Polymerization from Silica Nanoparticles 119
7 Photoinitiated Polymerization from Self-Assembled Monolayers 129
8 Recent Advances in the Synthesis and Rearrangement of Block Copolymer
Brushes 151
9 Surface-Grafted Hyperbranched Polymers 167

Part II Characterization 187
10 The Analysis and Characterization of Polymer Brushes:
From Flat Surfaces to Nanoparticles 189
11 Characterization of Polymer Brushes on Nanoparticle Surfaces 213
12 Spherical Polyelectrolyte Brushes 231
13 Weak Polyelectrolyte Brushes: Complex Formation and Multilayer Build-up with Oppositely Charged Polyelectrolytes 249
14 Structure and Properties of High-Density Polymer Brushes 273
15 Behavior of Surface-Anchored Poly(acrylic acid) Brushes with Grafting Density Gradients on Solid Substrates 287
16 Kinetics of Polymer Brush Formation With and Without Segmental
Adsorption

Part III Applications 329
17 Applications of Polymer Brushes and Other Surface-Attached Polymers 331
18 Polymer Brushes: Towards Applications 371
19 Polymerization, Nanopatterning and Characterization of Surface-Confined,
Stimulus-Responsive Polymer Brushes 381
20 Mixed Polymer Brushes: Switching of Surface Behavior and
Chemical Patterning at the Nanoscale 403
21 Local Chain Organization of Switchable Binary Polymer Brushes in Selective
Solvents 427
22 Motion of Nano-Objects Induced by a Switchable Polymer Carpet 441
23 Photochemical Strategies for the Preparation and Microstructuring
of Densely Grafted Polymer Brushes on Planar Surfaces 449

Index 471

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[ Last edited by hardstones on 2009-9-17 at 12:58 ]

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