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Book Symmetry and Magnetism 1963
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P__ACÆ All scientists use symmetry arguments in one form or another, often without feeling any pressing need to formalize them. A useful measure of simpli_cation can often be achieved merely by recognizing that two aspects are identical, that a situation looks exactly the same when viewed from two di_erent directions. How- ever, in dealing with crystals - and the majority of solids are crystalline - it is important to formulate the physical properties of crystals in a systematic tensor notation, if the maximum amo__nt ofsimpli_cation is to be obtained by the use of symmetry argu_ents. The purpose of this book is to explain how the symmetry of magnetic and non-magnetic crystals is speci_ed and how such speci_cations can be used to simplify the forms of tensors charac- terizing the (steady-state) macroscopic physical properties of crystals: the book is not concerned with the explanation of these properties in ter_s of microscopic structure. The application of symmetry arguments to non-magnetic crystals is, of course, not new (there is an excellent account in J. F. Yye's textbook 'Physical Properties of Crystals') but the e_phasis in the present work is on magnetic properties and magnetic crystals, and much of the material presented here derives from recent work - mainly in the U.S.S.R. - on magnetic symmetry groups. Throughout the book, the term 'magnetic crystals' is under- stood to mean crystals that exhibit ordered arrays of (spin) mag- netic moments. It therefore includes, as an important class, anti- ferromagnetic crystals, as well as the more obviously 1_agnetic materials such as the ferromagnetic metals iron and nickel or the ferrimagnetic ferrites and garnets. |
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