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¡¾½Ì³Ì¡¿Guide to Implementing the Next Generation Science Standards
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1 Introduction 9 The Vision of the Framework and the Next Generation Science Standards, 10 Using the Report, 11 Origin of the Report, 12 2 Overarching Principles for Implementation 15 Attend to Coherence Across Levels, Across Grades, and Across Different Components of the System, 16 Attend to What Is Unique About Science, 17 Develop and Provide Continuing Support for Leadership in Science at the State, District, and School Levels, 18 Build and Leverage Collaborations, Networks, and Partnerships, 19 Take Enough Time to Implement Well, 20 Make Equity a Priority, 21 Ensure That Communication Is Ongoing and Relevant, 22 3 Instruction 23 A Gradual Path, 24 Essential Elements of the Vision of Instruction, 26 Engaging in the Scientific and Engineering Practices, 26 CONTENTS Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Guide to Implementing the Next Generation Science Standards x Contents Developing and Using Core Ideas and Crosscutting Concepts, 28 Incorporating Engineering, 29 Creating a Productive Classroom Culture, 30 Connecting Learning Across the Curriculum, 30 Equity, 31 Assessment as an Element of Instruction, 32 Pitfalls to Avoid, 33 Providing Insufficient Support for Students, 33 Focusing Exclusively on the ¡°Right Answers,¡± 33 Assigning Unproductive Student Tasks, 34 Expecting Instruction to Change Overnight, 35 Expecting Teachers to Do It Alone, 35 Being Reluctant to Let Go of Familiar Units or Favorite Activities, 36 4 Teacher and Leader Learning 37 Leadership, 38 Learning Opportunities for Teachers, 41 A Focus on Specific Content, 41 Connected to Teachers¡¯ Instructional Practice, 43 Active Engagement, 44 Collaboration, 45 Sufficient Time, 45 A Coherent and Ongoing System of Support, 46 Learning Opportunities for Administrators, 46 Pitfalls to Avoid, 47 Underestimating the Shift Needed in One¡¯s Own Practice, 47 Underestimating the Need for Ongoing Support, 48 Failing to Provide Opportunities for Administrators to Learn About the NGSS, 49 Offering ¡°One Size Fits All¡± Learning Opportunities, 49 5 Curriculum Materials 51 The Role of Curricula, 52 Developing New Materials, 55 Schools, Districts, and Teachers as Critical Consumers, 56 Pitfalls to Avoid, 58 Asking ¡°Which Standard Are You Teaching Today?¡±, 58 Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Guide to Implementing the Next Generation Science Standards Contents xi Waiting Before Beginning to Change Instruction, 58 Failing to Provide Resources to Support Students¡¯ Investigations and Design Projects, 59 6 Assessment 61 A System of Assessment, 62 Assessment to Support Classroom Instruction, 63 Assessments Designed to Monitor Science Learning on a Broader Scale, 63 Indicators to Track Students¡¯ Opportunity to Learn, 64 Implementing a New Assessment System, 64 Pitfalls to Avoid, 67 Failing to Differentiate the Purposes of Assessment, 67 Failing to Respond to Assessment Results, 67 Using Old Assessments While Mandating New Instructional Methods, 67 7 Collaboration, Networks, and Partnerships 69 The Power of Collaboration, 70 Networks for Teachers, 71 Community Partners, 73 Building and Maintaining Partnerships, 76 Pitfalls to Avoid, 77 Lacking a Common Understanding of the Vision, 77 Having Competing Goals Among Partners, 77 Failing to Clarify Relationships and Monitor Partnerships, 77 Failing to Establish Mutually Respectful Relationships and Roles, 78 8 Policy and Communication 79 The Role of Policy, 80 Adequate Time for Learning, 80 Higher Education Admissions, 82 Teacher Preparation and Certification, 82 Communication, 83 Pitfalls to Avoid, 84 Assuming Existing Policies Are Adequate to Support the NGSS, 84 Failing to Communicate with Parents and the Community, 84 Being Unprepared for Unintended Consequences, 84 Assigning Responsibility without Authority or Resources, 85 Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Guide to Implementing the Next Generation Science Standards xii Contents 9 Conclusion 87 References 89 Biographical Sketches of Committee Members and Staff 99[ Last edited by ÌÆtjg on 2015-4-2 at 12:06 ] |
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