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[资源] The Britannica Guide to Relativity and Quantum Mechanics

Introduction x
Chapter 1: Relativity 1
The Mechanical Universe 1
Light and the Ether 2
Special Relativity 4
Einstein’s Gedankenexperiments 4
Starting Points and Postulates 5
Relativistic Space and Time 6
Relativistic Mass 10
Cosmic Speed Limit 11
E = mc2 11
The Twin Paradox 11
Four-Dimensional Space-Time 12
Experimental Evidence for Special
Relativity 22
Chapter 2: General Relativity 24
Principle of Equivalence 24
Curved Space-Time and Geometric
Gravitation 26
The Mathematics of General Relativity 28
Cosmological Solutions 28
Black Holes 29
Experimental Evidence for General
Relativity 29
Unconfirmed Predictions of General
Relativity 31
Gravitational Waves 31
Black Holes and Wormholes 34
Applications of Relativistic Ideas 35
Elementary Particles 35
Particle Accelerators 36
Fission and Fusion:
Bombs and Stellar Processes 36
The Global Positioning System 37
Cosmology 37
22
27
30
CONTENTS
Relativity, Quantum Theory,
and Unified Theories 46
Intellectual and Cultural Impact of
Relativity 47
Chapter 3: Quantum Mechanics:
Concepts 51
Historical Basis of Quantum Theory 51
Early Developments 52
Planck’s Radiation Law 52
Einstein and the Photoelectric
Effect 53
Bohr’s Theory of the Atom 54
Scattering of X-rays 58
Broglie’s Wave Hypothesis 59
Basic Concepts and Methods 60
Schrödinger’s Wave Mechanics 61
Electron Spin and Antiparticles 64
Identical Particles and Multielectron
Atoms 69
Time-Dependent Schrödinger
Equation 74
Tunneling 76
Axiomatic Approach 78
Incompatible Observables 80
Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle 83
Quantum Electrodynamics 87
Chapter 4: Quantum Mechanics:
Interpretation 90
The Electron: Wave or Particle? 90
Hidden Variables 92
Paradox of Einstein, Podolsky, and
Rosen 94
Measurement in Quantum Mechanics 98
Applications of Quantum Mechanics 101
Decay of a Meson 101
97
91
73
Cesium Clock 104
A Quantum Voltage Standard 107
Bose-Einstein Condensate 109
Chapter 5: Biographies 112
Carl David Anderson 112
Hans Bethe 113
David Bohm 118
Niels Bohr 120
Max Born 128
Satyendra Nath Bose 132
Louis-Victor, 7e duke de Broglie 132
Edward Uhler Condon 135
Clinton Joseph Davisson 137
P.A.M. Dirac 137
Sir Arthur Stanley Eddington 143
Albert Einstein 146
Enrico Fermi 163
Richard P. Feynman 169
Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Friedmann 173
George Gamow 174
Hans Geiger 176
Murray Gell-Mann 177
Walther Gerlach 179
Lester Halbert Germer 179
Samuel Abraham Goudsmit 180
Werner Heisenberg 182
Pascual Jordan 190
Brian D. Josephson 192
Max von Laue 194
Hendrik Antoon Lorentz 195
Ernst Mach 196
A.A. Michelson 198
Hermann Minkowski 201
Edward Williams Morley 202
Wolfgang Pauli 203
Max Planck 207 159
121
114
Henri Poincaré 215
Erwin Schrödinger 220
Karl Schwarzschild 223
Julian Seymour Schwinger 224
Arnold Sommerfeld 226
Otto Stern 227
Tomonaga Shin’Ichiro¯ 229
George Eugene Uhlenbeck 230
Wilhelm Wien 231
Conclusion 232
Glossary 234
Bibliography 237
Index 241

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附件 1 : Gregersen,_Erik_-_The_Britannica_Guide_to_Relativity_and_Quantum_Mechanics_(2011-Britannica).pdf

2015-03-20 18:58:46, 3.03 M