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[资源] crc2002Fundamentals.and.Applications.of.Ultrasonic.Waves

Contents
1
Ultrasonics: An Overview
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Physical Acoustics
1.3 Low-Frequency Bulk Acoustic Wave (BAW) Applications
1.4 Surface Acoustic Waves (SAW)
1.5 Piezoelectric Materials
1.6 High-Power Ultrasonics
1.7 Medical Ultrasonics
1.8 Acousto-Optics
1.9 Underwater Acoustics and Seismology
2
Introduction to V
ibrations and Waves
2.1 Vibrations
2.1.1 Vibrational Energy
2.1.2 Exponential Solutions: Phasors
2.1.3 Damped Oscillations
2.1.4 Forced Oscillations
2.1.5 Phasors and Linear Superposition of Simple
Harmonic Motion
2.1.6 Fourier Analysis
2.1.7 Nonperiodic Waves: Fourier Integral
2.2 Wave Motion
2.2.1 Harmonic Waves
2.2.2 Plane Waves in Three Dimensions
2.2.3 Dispersion, Group Velocity, and Wave Packets
Summary
Questions
3
Bulk W
aves in Fluids
3.1 One-Dimensional Theory of Fluids
3.1.1 Sound Velocity
3.1.2 Acoustic Impedance
3.1.3 Energy Density
3.1.4 Acoustic Intensity
3.2 Three-Dimensional Model
3.2.1 Acoustic Poynting Vector
3.2.2 Attenuation
Summary
Questions
© 2002 by CRC Press LLC
4
Introduction to the Theory of Elasticity
4.1 A Short Introduction to Tensors
4.2 Strain Tensor
4.3 Stress Tensor
4.4 Thermodynamics of Deformation
4.5 Hooke’s Law
4.6 Other Elastic Constants
Summary
Questions
5
Bulk Acoustic W
aves in Solids
5.1 One-Dimensional Model of Solids
5.2 Wave Equation in Three Dimensions
5.3 Material Properties
Summary
Questions
6
Finite Beams, Radiation, Dif
fraction, and Scattering
6.1 Radiation
6.1.1 Point Source
6.1.2 Radiation from a Circular Piston
6.2 Scattering
6.2.1 The Cylinder
6.2.2 The Sphere
6.3 Focused Acoustic Waves
6.4 Radiation Pressure
6.5 Doppler Effect
Summary
Questions
7
Refl
ection and Transmission of Ultrasonic
Waves at Interfaces
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Reflection and Transmission at Normal Incidence
7.2.1 Standing Waves
7.2.2 Reflection from a Layer
7.3 Oblique Incidence: Fluid-Fluid Interface
7.3.1 Symmetry Considerations
7.4 Fluid-Solid Interface
7.5 Solid-Solid Interface
7.5.1 Solid-Solid Interface: SH Modes
7.5.2 Reflection at a Free Solid Boundary
Summary
Questions
© 2002 by CRC Press LLC
8
Rayleigh W
aves
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Rayleigh Wave Propagation
8.3 Fluid Loaded Surface
8.3.1 Beam Displacement
8.3.2 Lateral Waves: Summary of Leaky
Rayleigh Waves
8.3.3 Stoneley Waves at a Liquid-Solid Interface
Summary
Questions
9
Lamb W
aves
9.1 Potential Method for Lamb Waves
9.2 Fluid Loading Effects
9.2.1 Fluid-Loaded Plate: One Side
9.2.2 Fluid-Loaded Plate: Same Fluid Both Sides
9.2.3 Fluid-Loaded Plate: Different Fluids
9.2.4 Fluid-Loaded Solid Cylinder
9.2.5 Fluid-Loaded Tubes
Summary
Questions
10
Acoustic W
aveguides
10.1 Introduction: Partial Wave Analysis
10.2 Waveguide Equation: SH Modes
10.3 Lamb Waves
10.4 Rayleigh Waves
10.5 Layered Substrates
10.5.1 Love Waves
10.5.2 Generalized Lamb Waves
10.5.3 Stoneley Waves
10.6 Multilayer Structures
10.7 Free Isotropic Cylinder
10.8 Waveguide Configurations
10.8.1 Overlay Waveguides
10.8.2 Topographic Waveguides
10.8.3 Circular Fiber Waveguides
Summary
Questions
1
1
Crystal Acoustics
11.1 Introduction
11.1.1 Cubic System
11.2 Group Velocity and Characteristic Surfaces
© 2002 by CRC Press LLC
1
1.3 Piezoelectricity
1.3.1 Introduction
11.3.2 Piezoelectric Constitutive Relations
11.3.3 Piezoelectric Coupling Factor
12
Piezoelectric T
ransducers, Delay Lines, and Analog
Signal Processing
12.1 Bulk Acoustic Wave Transducers
12.1.1 Unloaded Transducer
12.1.2 Loaded Transducer
12.2 Bulk Acoustic Wave Delay Lines
12.2.1 Pulse Echo Mode
12.2.2 Buffer Rod Materials
12.2.3 Acoustic Losses in Buffer Rods
12.2.4 BAW Buffer Rod Applications
12.3 Surface Acoustic Wave Transducers
12.3.1 Introduction
12.3.2 Interdigital Transducers (IDT)
12.3.3 Simple Model of SAW Transducer
12.4 Signal Processing
12.4.1 SAW Filters
12.4.2 Delay Lines
12.4.3 SAW Resonators
12.4.4 Oscillators
12.4.5 Coded Time Domain Structures
12.4.6 Convolvers
12.4.7 Multistrip Couplers (MSC)
13
Acoustic Sensors
13.1 Thickness-Shear Mode (TSM) Resonators
13.1.1 TSM Resonator in Liquid
13.1.2 TSM Resonator with a Viscoelastic Film
13.2 SAW Sensors
13.2.1 SAW Interactions
13.2.2 Acoustoelectric Interaction
13.2.3 Elastic and Viscoelastic Films on SAW Substrates
13.3 Shear Horizontal (SH) Type Sensors
13.3.1 Acoustic Plate Mode (APM) Sensors
13.3.2 SH-SAW Sensor
13.3.3 Love Mode Sensors
13.3.4 Slow Transverse Wave (STW) Sensors
13.4 Flexural Plate Wave (FPW) Sensors
13.5 Thin Rod Acoustic Sensors
13.6 Gravimetric Sensitivity Analysis and Comparison
13.7 Physical Sensing of Liquids
13.7.1 Density Sensing
© 2002 by CRC Press LLC
13.7.2
Viscosity Sensing
13.7.3 Temperature Sensing
13.7.4 Flow Sensing
13.7.5 Level Sensing9
13.8 Chemical Gas Sensors
13.8.1 Introduction
13.8.2 Chemical Interfaces for Sensing
13.8.3 Sensor Arrays
13.8.4 Gas Chromatography with Acoustic
Sensor Detection
13.9 Biosensing
14
Acoustic Microscopy
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Resolution
14.3 Acoustic Lens Design
14.4 Contrast Mechanisms and Quantitative Measurements
14.4.1
V
(
z
) Theory
14.4.2 Reflectance Function from Fourier Inversion
14.4.3 Line Focus Beam
14.4.4 Subsurface (Interior) Imaging
14.5 Applications of Acoustic Microscopy
14.5.1 Biological Samples
14.5.2 Films and Substrates
14.5.3 NDE of Materials
14.5.4 NDE of Devices
14.6 Perspectives
15
Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) of Materials
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Surfaces
15.2.1 Principles of Rayleigh Wave NDE.
15.2.2 Generation of Rayleigh Waves for NDE
15.2.3 Critical Angle Reflectivity (CAR)
15.3 Plates
15.3.1 Leaky Lamb Waves: Dispersion Curves
15.3.2 NDE Using Leaky Lamb Waves (LLW)
15.4 Layered Structures
15.4.1 Inversion Procedures
15.4.2 Modal Frequency Spacing (MFS) Method
15.4.3 Modified Modal Frequency Spacing
(MMFS) Method
15.5 Adhesion
15.6 Thickness Gauging
15.6.1 Mode-Cutoff-Based Approaches
15.7 Clad Buffer Rods
© 2002 by CRC Press LLC
16
Special T
opics
16.1 Multiple Scattering
16.2 Time Reversal Mirrors (TRM)
16.3 Picosecond Ultrasonics
16.4 Air-Coupled Ultrasonics
16.5 Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy
17
Cavitation and Sonoluminescence
17.1 Bubble Dynamics
17.1.1 Quasistatic Bubble Description
17.1.2 Bubble Dynamics
17.1.3 Acoustic Emission
17.1.4 Acoustic Response of Bubbly Liquids
17.2 Multibubble Sonoluminescence (MBSL)
17.2.1 Summary of Experimental Results
17.3 Single Bubble Sonoluminescence (SBSL)
17.3.1 Introduction0
17.3.2 Experimental Setup
17.3.3 Bubble Dynamics
17.3.4 Key Experimental Results
17.3.5 Successful Models
References
Appendices
A. Bessel Functions
B. Acoustic Properties of Materials
C. Complementary Laboratory Experiments

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