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[资源] CORROSION AND CORROSION CONTROL

Copyright © 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All right reserved
Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken New Jersey
Published simultaneously in Canada
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any
form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise,
except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without
either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the
appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers,
MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978)750-4470, or on the web at www.copyright.com. Requests to
the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley &
Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, or online at
http://www.wiley.com/go/permission.
Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best
efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the
accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifi cally disclaim any implied
warranties of merchantability or fi tness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or
extended by sales representatives or written sales materials. The advice and strategies contained
herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a professional where
appropriate. Neither the publisher nor author shall be liable for any loss of profi t or any other
commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other
damages.
For general information on our other products and services or for technical support, please contact
our Customer Care Department within the United States at (800) 762-2974, outside the United
States at (317) 572-3993 or fax (317) 572-4002.
Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print
may not be available in electronic formats. For more information about Wiley products, visit our
web site at www.wiley.com.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data:
Uhlig, Herbert Henry, 1907–
Corrosion and corrosion control : an introduction to corrosion science and engineering /
Herbert H. Uhlig, R. Winston Revie.—4th ed.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-471-73279-2 (cloth)
1. Corrosion and anti-corrosives. I. Revie, R. Winston (Robert Winston), 1944– II. Title.
TA462.U39 2008
620.1′1223–dc22
2007041578
Printed in the United States of America
CONTENTS
v
Preface xvii
1 DEFINITION AND IMPORTANCE OF CORROSION 1
1.1 Defi nition of Corrosion 1
1.1.1 Corrosion Science and Corrosion Engineering 1
1.2 Importance of Corrosion 2
1.3 Risk Management 5
1.4 Causes of Corrosion 6
1.4.1 Change in Gibbs Free Energy 6
1.4.2 Pilling–Bedworth Ratio 6
References 6
General References 7
Problems 7
2 ELECTROCHEMICAL MECHANISMS 9
2.1 The Dry-Cell Analogy and Faraday’s Law 9
2.2 Defi nition of Anode and Cathode 11
2.3 Types of Cells 13
2.4 Types of Corrosion Damage 15
References 18
General References 19
Problems 19
3 THERMODYNAMICS: CORROSION TENDENCY AND
ELECTRODE POTENTIALS 21
3.1 Change of Gibbs Free Energy 21
3.2 Measuring the Emf of a Cell 22
3.3 Calculating the Half-Cell Potential—The Nernst Equation 22
3.4 The Hydrogen Electrode and the Standard Hydrogen Scale 24
3.5 Convention of Signs and Calculation of Emf 25
...
26.3 Behavior in Hot Water and Steam 437
References 439
General References 440
27 TANTALUM 441
27.1 Introduction 441
27.2 Corrosion Behavior 441
References 443
General Reference 443
28 LEAD 445
28.1 Introduction 445
28.2 Corrosion Behavior of Lead and Lead Alloys 446
28.2.1 Lead–Acid Battery 447
28.3 Summary 448
References 449
General References 449
29 APPENDIX 451
29.1 Activity and Activity Coeffi cients of Strong
Electrolytes 451
29.2 Derivation of Stern–Geary Equation for Calculating
Corrosion Rates from Polarization Data Obtained at
Low Current Densities 456
29.2.1 The General Equation 458
29.3 Derivation of Equation Expressing the Saturation Index
of a Natural Water 461
29.4 Derivation of Potential Change along a Cathodically
Protected Pipeline 467
29.5 Derivation of the Equation for Potential Drop along
the Soil Surface Created by Current Entering or
Leaving a Buried Pipe 469
29.6 Derivation of the Equation for Determining Resistivity
of Soil by Four-Electrode Method 470
29.7 Derivation of the Equation Expressing Weight Loss by
Fretting Corrosion 471
29.8 Conversion Factors 474
29.8.1 Additional Conversion Factors 475
29.8.2 Current Density Equivalent to a Corrosion Rate
of 1 gmd 475
29.9 Standard Potentials 476
29.10 Notation and Abbreviations 476
References 478
Index 479

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