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Contents Preface page xi 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Scope 1 1.2 Conventions and notation 2 1.3 The independent-particle approximation 3 1.4 Electron correlation 7 1.5 Configuration interaction 9 1.6 Motivation 10 1.7 Extensivity 11 1.8 Disconnected clusters and extensivity 15 2 Formal perturbation theory 18 2.1 Background 18 2.2 Classical derivation of Rayleigh¨CSchr¡§odinger perturbation theory 18 2.3 Projection operators 27 2.4 General derivation of formal time-independent perturbation theories 29 2.5 Similarity transformation derivation of the formal perturbation equations and quasidegenerate PT 46 2.6 Other approaches 53 3 Second quantization 54 3.1 Background 54 3.2 Creation and annihilation operators 55 3.3 Normal products and Wick¡¯s theorem 67 3.4 Particle¨Chole formulation 71 3.5 Partitioning of the Hamiltonian 75 vii viii Contents 3.6 Normal-product form of the quantum-mechanical operators 80 3.7 Generalized time-independent Wick¡¯s theorem 85 3.8 Evaluation of matrix elements 86 4 Diagrammatic notation 90 4.1 Time ordering 90 4.2 Slater determinants 91 4.3 One-particle operators 92 4.4 Two-particle operators 111 5 Diagrammatic expansions for perturbation theory 130 5.1 Resolvent operator and denominators 130 5.2 First-order energy 131 5.3 Second-order energy 131 5.4 Third-order energy 132 5.5 Conjugate diagrams 134 5.6 Wave-function diagrams 135 5.7 Fourth-order energy 138 5.8 Linked-diagram theorem 152 5.9 Numerical example 153 5.10 Unlinked diagrams and extensivity 156 6 Proof of the linked-diagram theorem 165 6.1 The factorization theorem 165 6.2 The linked-diagram theorem 172 7 Computational aspects of MBPT 177 7.1 Techniques of diagram summation 177 7.2 Factorization of fourth-order quadruple-excitation diagrams 180 7.3 Spin summations 182 8 Open-shell and quasidegenerate perturbation theory 185 8.1 Formal quasidegenerate perturbation theory (QDPT) 185 8.2 The Fermi vacuum and the model states 192 8.3 Normal-product form of the generalized Bloch equations 194 8.4 Diagrammatic notation for QDPT 195 8.5 Schematic representation of the generalized Bloch equation 198 8.6 Level-shift and wave-operator diagrams 203 8.7 Incomplete model space 227 9 Foundations of coupled-cluster theory 251 9.1 Coupled-cluster theory for noninteracting He atoms 251 9.2 The coupled-cluster wave function 254 Contents ix 9.3 The coupled-cluster doubles (CCD) equations 258 9.4 Exponential Ansatz and the linked-diagram theorem of MBPT 272 9.5 Diagrammatic derivation of the CCD equations 279 10 Systematic derivation of the coupled-cluster equations 292 10.1 The connected form of the CC equations 292 10.2 The general form of CC diagrams 295 10.3 Systematic generation of CC diagrams 297 10.4 The coupled-cluster singles and doubles (CCSD) equations 299 10.5 Coupled-cluster singles, doubles and triples (CCSDT) equations 308 10.6 Coupled-cluster singles, doubles, triples and quadruples (CCSDTQ) equations 321 10.7 Coupled-cluster effective-Hamiltonian diagrams 328 10.8 Results of various CC methods compared with full CI 340 11 Calculation of properties in coupled-cluster theory 347 11.1 Expectation value for a CC wave function 347 11.2 Reduced density matrices 352 11.3 The response treatment of properties 361 11.4 The CC energy functional 366 11.5 The ¦« equations 367 11.6 Effective-Hamiltonian form of the ¦« equations 376 11.7 Response treatment of the density matrices 381 11.8 The perturbed reference function 385 11.9 The CC correlation-energy derivative 396 12 Additional aspects of coupled-cluster theory 406 12.1 Spin summations and computational considerations 406 12.2 Coupled-cluster theory with an arbitrary singledeterminant reference function 411 12.3 Generalized many-body perturbation theory 415 12.4 Brueckner orbitals and alternative treatments of ˆ T1 418 12.5 Monitoring multiplicities in open-shell coupled-cluster calculations 422 12.6 The A and B response matrices from the viewpoint of CCS 425 12.7 Noniterative approximations based on the CC energy functional 427 12.8 The nature of the solutions of CC equations 429 13 The equation-of-motion coupled-cluster method for excited, ionized and electron-attached states 431 13.1 Introduction 431 x Contents 13.2 The EOM-CC Ansatz 432 13.3 Diagrammatic treatment of the EE-EOM-CC equations 437 13.4 EOM-CC treatment of ionization and electron attachment 445 13.5 EOM-CC treatment of higher-order properties 449 13.6 EOM-CC treatment of frequency-dependent properties 454 14 Multireference coupled-cluster methods 462 14.1 Introduction 462 14.2 Hilbert-space state-universal MRCC 465 14.3 Hilbert-space state-specific MRCC 471 14.4 Fock-space valence-universal MRCC 475 14.5 Intermediate-Hamiltonian Fock-space MRCC 490 References 496 Author index 521 Subject index 524 |
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