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流体润滑分析英文著作
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一本不错的润滑分析的书籍，在国外上学时图书馆下的，知识点分析的蛮细的。1 Friction, Wear, and Lubrication ................................. 1 1.1 Friction,Wear,andLubrication—Tribology ................... 1 1.2 VariousFormsofLubrication ................................ 2 1.2.1 SolidFriction ....................................... 4 1.2.2 HydrodynamicLubrication ............................ 6 1.3 MeaningsofTribology ...................................... 7 References..................................................... 8 2 Foundations of Hydrodynamic Lubrication ....................... 9 2.1 Tower’sExperiment ........................................ 9 2.2 Reynolds’TheoryofHydrodynamicLubrication ................ 11 2.2.1 InterpretationofReynolds’Equation.................... 18 References..................................................... 22 3 Fundamentals of Journal Bearings ............................... 23 3.1 CircularJournalBearings.................................... 25 3.1.1 CrossSectionofaBearing ............................ 25 3.1.2 ShapeoftheOilFilm................................. 26 3.1.3 BearingLength(BearingWidth) ....................... 27 3.1.4 BoundaryConditionsfortheOilFilm ................... 27 3.2 InfinitelyLongBearings..................................... 29 3.2.1 OilFilmPressure .................................... 29 3.2.2 Infinitely Long Bearing Under Sommerfeld’s Condition . . . . 31 3.2.3 Infinitely Long Bearing Under Gu ̈mbel’s Condition . . . . . . . 37 3.3 ShortBearings............................................. 41 3.3.1 OilFilmPressure .................................... 41 3.3.2 Characteristics of a Short Bearing Under Gu ̈mbel’s Condition 42 3.4 FiniteLengthBearings ...................................... 43 References..................................................... 46 VIII Contents 4 Fundamentals of Thrust Bearings................................ 47 4.1 InfinitelyLongPlanePadBearings............................ 48 4.1.1 BasicFormulae...................................... 49 4.1.2 BasicCharacteristics ................................. 49 4.2 FiniteLengthPlanePadBearings ............................. 54 4.3 SectorPadBearings ........................................ 55 4.3.1 Reynolds’ Equation in Cylindrical Coordinates . . . . . . . . . . . 55 4.3.2 NumericalSolutionofaSectorPad ..................... 57 4.4 AdditionalTopics .......................................... 58 4.4.1 InfluenceofDeformationofthePad .................... 58 4.4.2 MagneticDiskMemoryStorage........................ 59 References..................................................... 60 5 Stability of a Rotating Shaft — Oil Whip ......................... 63 5.1 OilWhip.................................................. 64 5.2 OilWhipTheory ........................................... 67 5.2.1 OilFilmPressure .................................... 68 5.2.2 OilFilmForce ...................................... 71 5.2.3 LinearizationoftheOilFilmForce ..................... 72 5.2.4 EquationsofMotion.................................. 75 5.2.5 StabilityLimit....................................... 76 5.2.6 OccurrenceofOilWhip—Hysteresis................... 84 5.2.7 CoordinateAxes..................................... 88 5.3 StabilityofMultibearingSystems............................. 89 5.4 InfluenceofEarthquakesonOilWhip ......................... 92 5.4.1 BasicEquations ..................................... 94 5.4.2 ExamplesofSimulation............................... 95 5.5 LimitCycleinanUnstableDomain ........................... 98 5.5.1 Approximate Nonlinear Analysis of Journal Bearing Characteristics ...................................... 98 5.5.2 ResultsofAnalysis................................... 101 5.6 FloatingBushBearings ..................................... 102 5.7 ThreeCircularArcBearings ................................. 106 5.8 PorousBearings............................................ 109 5.8.1 GoverningEquations ................................. 109 5.8.2 StabilityofaShaftSystem ............................ 110 5.9 ChaosinRotor–BearingSystems ............................. 111 5.10 PreventionofOilWhip...................................... 113 References..................................................... 114 6 FoilBearings .................................................. 119 6.1 BasicEquations............................................ 121 6.2 FiniteElementSolutionoftheBasicEquations.................. 122 6.2.1 Reynolds’ Equation .................................. 122 6.2.2 EquationofBalancefortheFoil........................ 125 6.2.3 SolutionProcedure................................... 126 6.3 CharacteristicsofFoilBearings............................... 126 6.3.1 SingleCylinderHeads................................ 127 6.3.2 DoubleCylinderHeads ............................... 128 6.3.3 ComparisonwithExperiments ......................... 130 6.4 AdditionalTopics .......................................... 130 6.4.1 MagneticTapeMemoryStorage........................ 130 6.4.2 FoilDisk ........................................... 131 References..................................................... 136 7 SqueezeFilm .................................................. 137 7.1 BasicEquations............................................ 138 7.2 SqueezeBetweenRigidSurfaces ............................. 141 7.2.1 SqueezeWithoutFluidInertia.......................... 141 7.2.2 SqueezewithFluidInertia............................. 142 7.2.3 SinusoidalSqueezeMotion............................ 144 7.3 Sinusoidal Squeeze by a Rigid Surface (Experiments) . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 7.3.1 MildSinusoidalSqueeze.............................. 145 7.3.2 IntenseSinusoidalSqueeze—Cavitation ................ 146 7.4 SinusoidalSqueezewithaSoftSurface ........................ 149 7.4.1 Low-FrequencySqueeze .............................. 150 7.4.2 High-FrequencySqueeze.............................. 153 7.4.3 ResultsofExperimentandCalculation .................. 154 References..................................................... 159 8 Heat Generation and Temperature Rise........................... 161 8.1 Basic Equations for Thermohydrodynamic Lubrication . . . . . . . . . . . 162 8.2 GeneralizedReynolds’Equation.............................. 163 8.2.1 BalanceofForces.................................... 163 8.2.2 FlowVelocity ....................................... 164 8.2.3 ContinuityEquation.................................. 164 8.2.4 GeneralizedReynolds’Equation ....................... 165 8.3 EnergyEquation ........................................... 166 8.3.1 GeneralEnergyEquation.............................. 166 8.3.2 EnergyEquation..................................... 168 8.3.3 TransformationoftheEnergyEquation.................. 170 8.4 TemperatureDistributioninBearings.......................... 171 8.5 Temperature Analyses of Tilting Pad Thrust Bearings — Sector Pads 172 8.5.1 BasicEquations ..................................... 173 8.5.2 BoundaryConditions................................. 175 8.5.3 NumericalAnalyses.................................. 175 8.5.4 Examples of Three-Dimensional Analyses of Temperature Distribution......................................... 177 8.5.5 Comparisons of Three-Dimensional, Two-Dimensional, andIsoviscousAnalyses .............................. 178 Contents IX X Contents 9 8.5.6 AnalysisConsideringInertiaForces..................... 180 8.5.7 Comparison of Calculated Results and Experiments . . . . . . . 184 8.6 TemperatureAnalysesofCircularJournalBearings.............. 185 8.6.1 BasicEquations ..................................... 187 8.6.2 BoundaryConditions................................. 187 8.6.3 Comparison of Calculated Results and Experiments . . . . . . . 189 References..................................................... 193 Turbulent Lubrication .......................................... 197 9.1 Time-Average Equation of Motion and the Reynolds’ Stress . . . . . . . 198 9.2 TurbulentFlowModel ...................................... 201 9.2.1 MixingLengthModel ................................ 201 9.2.2 k-εModel .......................................... 203 9.3 Turbulent Lubrication Theory Using the Mixing Length Model . . . . 204 9.3.1 ModifiedMixingLength .............................. 204 9.3.2 Turbulent Velocity Distribution Between Two Surfaces . . . . . 206 9.3.3 TurbulentReynolds’Equation ......................... 208 9.3.4 TurbulentCoefficientsofFluidFilmSeals ............... 209 9.4 Comparison of Analyses Using the Mixing Length Model with Experiments............................................... 211 9.4.1 Turbulent Static Characteristics of Fluid Film Seals . . . . . . . . 211 9.4.2 Turbulent Dynamic Characteristics of Fluid Film Seals . . . . . 213 9.5 TurbulentLubricationTheoryUsingthek-εModel .............. 214 9.5.1 Applicationofthek-εModeltoanOilFilm.............. 215 9.5.2 TurbulentReynolds’Equation ......................... 216 9.6 Comparison of Analyses Using the k-ε Model with Experiments . . . 218 9.7 Reduction of Friction in a Turbulent Bearing by Toms’ Effect . . . . . . 222 9.8 TaylorVorticesinaJournalBearing ........................... 224 References..................................................... 226 Index ............................................................. 229 |
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