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ÔÚHelpÀÕâÑù˵Ã÷smearing

In Dmol3, when checked indicates that thermal smearing will be applied to the orbital occupation to speed up convergence. Typically, We can encounter problems with SCF convergence for high symmetry, open-shell, or metallic systems

Smear
The Smear parameter allows electrons to be smeared out among all orbitals within a given range of the Fermi level. The range is defined in hartrees and typically is from 0.001 to 0.1 au. A linear function is used to smear the Fermi edge linearly in the interval specified. This procedure improves convergence of the SCF procedure by allowing orbitals to relax more rapidly. However, the energy derivatives with respect to the atomic coordinates are only approximate. Therefore, if smearing of electrons is needed, the Thermal smearing is recommended.

Thermal smearing

The Thermal smearing uses a finite-temperature Fermi function to compute fractional occupation numbers. This is the default smearing used by DMol3 in MS Modeling. When using thermal smearing the energy A is calculated as:

A = Usmear - TS

with Usmear being the electronic energy, T the electronic temperature, and S the entropy. In the case of thermal smearing, A is a free energy. Due to the entropic contribution, A is lower than or equal to Uno smear, the total electronic energy without smearing. However, Usmear is higher than Uno smear.

Contrary to the Smear smearing, the Thermal smearing yields the exact energy derivatives for A. Therefore, if smearing of electrons is needed, the Thermal smearing is recommended.

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