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[资源] Advanced welding processes Technologies and process control

Advanced welding processes Technologies and process control

Woodhead Publishing Limited and Maney Publishing Limited on behalf of
The Institute of Materials, Minerals & Mining
Woodhead Publishing Limited, Abington Hall, Abington, Cambridge CB1 6AH, England
www.woodheadpublishing.com
First published 1992, IOP Publishing Ltd
This edition 2006, Woodhead Publishing Limited
© Institute of Materials, Minerals & Mining, 2006
The author has asserted his moral rights.
Preface ix
Acknowledgements xi
1 An introduction to welding processes 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Conventional welding processes 2
1.3 Summary 15
2 Advanced process development trends 16
2.1 Introduction 16
2.2 Safety and environmental factors 21
2.3 Skill and training requirements 21
2.4 Areas for development 21
2.5 Process application trends 22
2.6 Summary 25
3 Welding power source technology 26
3.1 Introduction 26
3.2 Basic power source requirements 26
3.3 Conventional power source designs 27
3.4 Electronic power regulation systems 31
3.5 Output level, sequence and function control 39
3.6 Practical implications of electronic power regulation and
control 42
3.7 Summary 43
4 Filler materials for arc welding 44
4.1 Introduction 44
4.2 MMAW consumables 44
4.3 Submerged arc welding consumables 46
4.4 Filler wires for GMAW and FCAW 47
4.5 Summary 57
5 Gases for advanced welding processes 58
5.1 Introduction 58
5.2 Shielding gases for arc welding processes 58
5.3 Gases for laser welding 71
5.4 Summary 72
6 Advanced gas tungsten arc welding 74
6.1 Introduction 74
6.2 Process developments 74
6.3 Process variants 79
6.4 Control of GTAW and related processes 91
6.5 Summary 98
7 Gas metal arc welding 100
7.1 Introduction 100
7.2 Metal transfer in GMAW 100
7.3 The physics of metal transfer 110
7.4 Summary: metal transfer phenomena 113
7.5 Control of conventional GMAW 113
7.6 Summary: process control 120
7.7 Recent developments in the GMAW process 120
7.8 Summary 134
8 High-energy density processes 136
8.1 Introduction 136
8.2 Plasma keyhole welding 138
8.3 Laser welding 144
8.4 Electron beam welding 157
8.5 Summary 164
9 Narrow-gap welding techniques 165
9.1 Introduction 165
9.2 Principles and features of narrow-gap welding 165
9.3 Narrow-gap welding processes 166
9.4 Summary and implications 177
10 Monitoring and control of welding processes 179
10.1 Introduction 179
10.2 Manual control techniques 180
10.3 Monitoring 188
10.4 Automated control techniques 203
10.5 Summary and implications 216
11 Welding automation and robotics 218
11.1 Introduction 218
11.2 Automation options 219
11.3 Simple mechanization 219
11.4 Dedicated and special-purpose automation 223
11.5 Robotic welding 225
11.6 Modular automation 236
11.7 Programmable control 236
11.8 Remote-control slave and automated systems 237
11.9 Advances in welding automation 238
11.10 Evaluation of and justification for automated welding 242
11.11 Summary 246
Appendices 247
Appendix 1: Welding processes classification 249
Appendix 2: Shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) electrode
classification 250
Appendix 3: Burn-off characteristics 254
Appendix 4: American, Australian and European FCAW
classification systems 257
Appendix 5: Flux-cored wire for surfacing and wear
resistance 260
Appendix 6: Plasma keyhole welding parameters 262
Appendix 7: Plasma keyhole welding of titanium 263
References 265
Index 279

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