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Intervention program

The training program, which included physical activity and ADL training, was individually adjusted for each resident in the intervention group and lasted for 3 months. Personal treatment goals were elicited for each subject. Training in transfer and walking ability, balance, muscle strength, and endurance was offered to individuals and groups, while ADL training was performed when the resident needed help during meals, with personal care, or dressing. Each subject was asked to participate in creative and/or entertaining activities. All staff members on the wards were informed about each resident¡¯s treatment goals and offered personal supervision regarding how to provide ¡®just the right challenge¡¯ to the residents. Two physiotherapists and two occupational therapists hired from outside the NH provided the intervention services. The control group received their usual care from the NH staff based on an individualized care plan.

Outcome measure

The outcome measure of the 24PWT was quantified prior to the intervention, immediately after the intervention and 3 months after the intervention. Due to insufficient data collection immediately after the intervention, only 3 months of post-intervention data was used in this analysis. No difference between the groups regarding this measure was found at baseline (P = 0.15). Furthermore, functional status related to toilet habits was registered, whether the resident was self-reliant, needed a reminder or some help, or was totally dependent on help at the beginning of the study.

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