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Handbook of Comparative World Steel Standards
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Handbook of Comparative World Steel Standards Third Edition John E. Bringas, Editor Copyright © 2004 West Conshohocken, PA. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or copied, in whole or in part, in any printed, mechanical electronic, film, or other distribution and storage media, without the written consent of the publisher. Table of Contents 1. Introduction to Comparing World Steel Standards ............................................................................ 1 Myth and Methodology When Comparing Steel Standards..................................................................... 1 Comparative and Closest Match.............................................................................................................. 2 Organization ............................................................................................................................................. 5 Definition and Steel Terms....................................................................................................................... 5 Cautionary Note ....................................................................................................................................... 7 Questions Regarding the Rules of Comparison....................................................................................... 8 Non-Comparable Steels ........................................................................................................................... 8 Criteria for Comparing Steels................................................................................................................... 8 List of Comparison Rules ....................................................................................................................... 10 Brief Introduction to Steel Standards and Designation Systems ........................................................... 12 SAE Designation System and Discontinued AISI Designation System ................................................. 14 Carbon and Alloy Steels................................................................................................................. 14 UNS Designation System....................................................................................................................... 15 Canadian Standards Association (CSA) ................................................................................................ 16 Introduction to European Standard Steel Designation System.............................................................. 17 Steel Names................................................................................................................................... 18 Steel Numbers ............................................................................................................................... 18 Former National Standards Replaced by CEN Standards..................................................................... 19 2. Carbon and Alloy Steels for General Use.......................................................................................... 21 2.1 Chemical Composition of Carbon Steels for General Use............................................................. 23 2.2 Chemical Composition of High Manganese Carbon Steels for General Use ................................ 34 2.3 Chemical Composition of Alloy Steels for General Use................................................................. 35 2.3.1 Chromium (Cr) Steels ....................................................................................................... 35 2.3.2 Chromium-Molybdenum (Cr-Mo) Steels ........................................................................... 37 2.3.3 Chromium-Nickel (Cr-Ni) Steels........................................................................................ 38 2.3.4 Nickel-Chromium-Molybdenum (Ni-Cr-Mo) Steels ........................................................... 39 2.3.5 Chromium-Molybdenum-Aluminum (Cr-Mo-Al) Steels ..................................................... 40 2.3.6 Boron (B) Steels................................................................................................................ 41 2.3.7 Chromium-Vanadium (Cr-V) Steels .................................................................................. 42 2.4 Non-Comparable Carbon and Alloy Steels for General Use ......................................................... 43 3. Structural Steel Plates ......................................................................................................................... 47 3.1 Carbon Steels for Structural Steel Plates ...................................................................................... 50 3.1A Mechanical Properties of Carbon Steels for Structural Steel Plates ................................ 50 3.1B Chemical Composition of Carbon Steels for Structural Steel Plates ................................ 66 3.2 Alloy Steels for Structural Steel Plates .......................................................................................... 72 3.2.1A Mechanical Properties of High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel Plates...................... 73 3.2.1B Chemical Composition of High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel Plates ..................... 75 3.2.2A Mechanical Properties of Alloy Steels for Structural Steel Plates .................................... 79 3.2.2B Chemical Composition of Alloy Steels for Structural Steel Plates .................................... 84 3.3 Structural Steels with Improved Atmospheric Corrosion-Resistance ............................................ 88 3.3A Mechanical Properties of Structural Steels with Improved Atmospheric Corrosion-Resistance........................................................................................................ 88 3.3B Chemical Composition of Structural Steels with Improved Atmospheric Corrosion-Resistance........................................................................................................ 94 3.4 Non-Comparable Carbon Steels for Structural Steel Plates.......................................................... 97 3.5 Non-Comparable Alloy Steels for Structural Steel Plates.............................................................. 98 4. Pressure Vessel Steel Plates .............................................................................................................. 99 4.1 Carbon Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates................................................................................... 103 4.1A Mechanical Properties of Carbon Steel Pressure Vessel Plates .................................... 103 4.1B Chemical Composition of Carbon Steel Pressure Vessel Plates ................................... 109 4.2 Carbon Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates - With Impact Testing Below -20°C .......................... 113 4.2A Mechanical Properties of Carbon Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates - With Impact Testing Below -20°C ................................................................................... 113 4.2B Chemical Composition of Carbon Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates - With Impact Testing Below -20°C ................................................................................... 115 4.3 ½Mo Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates.............................................................................. 117 4.3A Chemical Composition of ½Mo Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates ....................... 117 4.3B Mechanical Properties of ½Mo Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates........................ 119 4.4 Cr-Mo Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates............................................................................ 121 4.4.1A Chemical Composition of ¾Cr-½Mo Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates ............... 121 4.4.1B Mechanical Properties of ¾Cr-½Mo Alloy Steel for Pressure Vessel Plates.................. 121 4.4.2A Chemical Composition of 1Cr-½Mo Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates ................ 122 4.4.2B Mechanical Properties of 1Cr-½Mo Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates................. 122 4.4.3A Chemical Composition of 1¼Cr-½Mo Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates ............. 123 4.4.3B Mechanical Properties of 1¼Cr-½Mo Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates.............. 123 4.4.4A Chemical Composition of 2¼Cr-1Mo Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates .............. 124 4.4.4B Mechanical Properties of 2¼Cr-1Mo Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates............... 125 4.4.5A Chemical Composition of 3Cr-1Mo Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates ................. 126 4.4.5B Mechanical Properties of 3Cr-1Mo Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates.................. 126 4.4.6A Chemical Composition of 5Cr-½Mo Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates ................ 127 4.4.6B Mechanical Properties of 5Cr-½Mo Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates................. 127 4.4.7A Chemical Composition of 9Cr-1Mo Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates ................. 128 4.4.7B Mechanical Properties of 9Cr-1Mo Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates.................. 128 4.5 Ni Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates .................................................................................. 129 4.5.1A Chemical Composition of ½Ni Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates ......................... 129 4.5.1B Mechanical Properties of ½Ni Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates ......................... 129 4.5.2A Chemical Composition of 1½Ni Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates ....................... 130 4.5.2B Mechanical Properties of 1½Ni Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates ....................... 130 4.5.3A Chemical Composition of 2¼Ni Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates ....................... 131 4.5.3B Mechanical Properties of 2¼Ni Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates ....................... 131 4.5.4A Chemical Composition of 3½Ni Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates ....................... 132 4.5.4B Mechanical Properties of 3½Ni Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates ....................... 133 4.5.5A Chemical Composition of 5Ni Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates .......................... 134 4.5.5B Mechanical Properties of 5Ni Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates .......................... 134 4.5.6A Chemical Composition of 9Ni Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates .......................... 135 4.5.6B Mechanical Properties of 9Ni Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates .......................... 136 4.6 Ni-Mo Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates ............................................................................ 137 4.6.1A Chemical Composition of ½Ni-½Mo Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates................ 137 4.6.1B Mechanical Properties of ½Ni-½Mo Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates ................ 138 4.6.2A Chemical Composition of ¾Ni-½Mo Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates................ 139 4.6.2B Mechanical Properties of ¾Ni-½Mo Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates ................ 140 4.7 Ferritic and Martensitic Stainless Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates .......................................... 141 4.7A Chemical Composition of Ferritic and Martensitic Stainless Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates................................................................................................... 141 4.7B Mechanical Properties of Ferritic and Martensitic Stainless Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates................................................................................................... 142 ... 9. Steels for Special Use........................................................................................................................ 417 9.1 Free-Machining Steels ................................................................................................................. 420 9.1.1 Chemical Composition of Resulfurized Carbon Steels for Free-Machining Applications........................................................................................... 420 9.1.2 Chemical Composition of Rephosphorized and Resulfurized Carbon Steels for Free-Machining Applications........................................................................................... 422 9.1.3 Chemical Composition of Resulfurized and Leaded Carbon Steels for Free-Machining Applications........................................................................................... 423 9.1.4 Chemical Composition of Rephosphorized, Resulfurized, and Leaded Carbon Steels for Free-Machining Applications ................................................ 424 9.1.5 Chemical Composition of Free-Machining Stainless Steels ........................................... 424 9.2 Spring Steels ................................................................................................................................ 425 9.2.1 Chemical Composition of Cold Rolled Carbon Spring Steels ......................................... 426 9.2.2 Chemical Composition of Hot Rolled Alloy Spring Steels............................................... 427 9.2.2.1 Chemical Composition of Hot Rolled Si Alloy Spring Steels............................ 427 9.2.2.2 Chemical Composition of Hot Rolled Cr Alloy Spring Steels ........................... 427 9.2.2.3 Chemical Composition of Hot Rolled Cr-Si Alloy Spring Steels....................... 427 9.2.2.4 Chemical Composition of Hot Rolled Cr-Mo Alloy Spring Steels ..................... 428 9.2.2.5 Chemical Composition of Hot Rolled Cr-V Alloy Spring Steels........................ 428 9.2.2.6 Chemical Composition of Hot Rolled Cr-B Alloy Spring Steels........................ 428 9.2.3 Chemical Composition of Stainless Spring Steels.......................................................... 429 9.3 Tool Steels ................................................................................................................................... 430 9.3.1 Chemical Composition of Carbon Tool Steels ................................................................ 430 9.3.2 Chemical Composition of High-Speed Tool Steels......................................................... 431 9.3.2.1 Chemical Composition of Tungsten Type High Speed Tool Steels ................. 431 9.3.2.2 Chemical Composition of Molybdenum Type High Speed Tool Steels ........... 432 9.3.3 Chemical Composition of Cold Work Tool Steels ........................................................... 433 9.3.4 Chemical Composition of Hot Work Tool Steels............................................................. 434 9.3.5 Chemical Composition of Special Purpose Tool Steels.................................................. 434 9.4 Bearing Steels .............................................................................................................................. 435 9.4.1 Chemical Composition of Bearing Steels........................................................................ 435 9.5 Non-Comparable Free-Machining Steels..................................................................................... 436 9.6 Non-Comparable Spring Steels ................................................................................................... 437 9.7 Non-Comparable Tool Steels....................................................................................................... 438 9.8 Non-Comparable Bearing Steels ................................................................................................. 439  截图00.png |
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