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剑桥2012年英文原版Mechanics of the Cell 2nd ed
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作者：David Boal Simon Fraser University Canada Exploring the mechanical features of biological cells, including their architecture and stability, this textbook is a pedagogical introduction to the interdisciplinary fields of cell mechanics and soft matter physics from both experimental and theoretical perspectives. This second edition has been greatly updated and expanded, with new chapters on complex filaments, the cell division cycle, the mechanisms of control and organization in the cell, and fluctuation phenomena. The textbook is now in full color which enhances the diagrams and allows the inclusion of new microscopy images. With more than 300 end-of-chapter exercises exploring further applications, this textbook is ideal for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in physics and biomedical engineering. A website hosted by the author contains extra support material, diagrams and lecture notes, and is available at www.cambridge.org/Boal. David Boal is Professor Emeritus in the Department of Physics at Simon Fraser University, Canada. He has been working in the field of biophysics for the past 20 years, and he now studies the mechanical issues in the origin of life. Preface page ix List of symbols xi 1 Introduction to the cell 1 1.1 Designs for a cell 4 1.2 Cell shapes, sizes and structures 9 1.3 Biomaterials: soft strings and sheets 15 1.4 Forces inside and outside the cell 19 Summary 23 2 Soft materials and fluids 25 2.1 Fluctuations at the cellular scale 25 2.2 Movement in a viscous fluid 30 2.3 Random walks 37 2.4 Diffusion 41 2.5 Fluctuations and correlations 47 Summary 51 Problems 54 Part I Rods and ropes 61 3 Polymers 63 3.1 Polymers and simple biofilaments 63 3.2 Mathematical description of flexible rods 68 3.3 Sizes of polymer chains 75 3.4 Entropic elasticity 80 3.5 Buckling 85 3.6 Measurements of bending resistance 90 Summary 97 Problems 98 4 Complex filaments 105 4.1 The structure of complex filaments 106 4.2 Torsion, twist and writhe 110 4.3 Measurements of torsional rigidity 118 4.4 Stretching of folded polymers 123 Contents vi Contents 4.5 Protein and RNA folding – concepts 127 4.6 Models for polymer folding 133 Summary 142 Problems 144 5 Two-dimensional networks 151 5.1 Soft networks in the cell 151 5.2 Elasticity in two dimensions 156 5.3 Isotropic networks 163 5.4 Networks with low coordination number 168 5.5 Membrane-associated networks 173 Summary 180 Problems 182 6 Three-dimensional networks 194 6.1 Networks of biological rods and ropes 194 6.2 Elasticity in three dimensions 199 6.3 Entropic networks 205 6.4 Network percolation and failure 209 6.5 Semiflexible polymer solutions 214 6.6 Rheology of cytoskeletal components 221 Summary 229 Problems 230 Part II Membranes 241 7 Biomembranes 243 7.1 Membranes, walls and lamina 243 7.2 Self-assembly of amphiphiles 250 7.3 Bilayer compression resistance 257 7.4 Bilayer bending resistance 263 7.5 Edge energy 268 7.6 Cell walls and sheaths 274 Summary 280 Problems 282 8 Membrane undulations 292 8.1 Thermal fluctuations in membrane shape 292 8.2 Mathematics of curvature 294 8.3 Membrane bending and persistence length 299 8.4 Scaling of polymers and membranes 305 8.5 Measurement of membrane undulations 313 Summary 319 Problems 321 vii Contents 9 Intermembrane and electrostatic forces 326 9.1 Interactions between membranes 326 9.2 Charged plate in an electrolyte 330 9.3 van der Waals and electrostatic interactions 337 9.4 Entropic repulsion of sheets and polymers 346 9.5 Adhesion 352 Summary 361 Problems 363 Part III The whole cell 371 10 The simplest cells 373 10.1 Cell shapes 373 10.2 Energetics of thin shells 375 10.3 Pure bilayer systems 381 10.4 Vesicles and red blood cells 390 10.5 Bacteria 397 Summary 403 Problems 405 11 Dynamic filaments 412 11.1 Movement in the cell 412 11.2 Polymerization of actin and tubulin 418 11.3 Molecular motors 428 11.4 Forces from filaments 435 11.5 Cell propulsion 439 Summary 446 Problems 448 12 Growth and division 454 12.1 Overview of the division cycle 455 12.2 Growth of rods and cocci 462 12.3 Asymmetry and asynchrony in cell division 469 12.4 Transcription and replication 476 12.5 Forces arising in cell division 485 Summary 490 Problems 492 13 Signals and switches 496 13.1 Axons and the action potential 496 13.2 Signal propagation in nerves 503 13.3 Rate equations: switches and stability 509 13.4 Molecular basis of regulation 513 viii Contents Summary 520 Problems 523 Appendix A Animal cells and tissues 525 Appendix B The cell’s molecular building blocks 531 Appendix C Elementary statistical mechanics 539 Appendix D Elasticity 546 Glossary 554 References 565 Index 603 |
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2015-01-27 12:15:18, 17.69 M
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