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[资源] Java程序设计教程教学讲义I.pdf

1  Java2初步.................................................................................................................................1
1.1  Java特点.......................................................................................................................1
1.2  简单的Java程序..........................................................................................................1
1.3  简单的Java Applet程序和主要方法..........................................................................2
1.3.1  浏览器执行applet的主要过程.......................................................................3
1.3.2  applet主要方法有...........................................................................................3
2  标识符、关键字和数据类型、运算符、表达式和语句.......................................................4
2.1  标示符、关键字...........................................................................................................4
2.2  数据类型.......................................................................................................................5
2.3  静态常量.......................................................................................................................6
2.4  顺序结构.......................................................................................................................6
2.4.1  Scanner 类.........................................................................................................7
2.4.2  const ..................................................................................................................8
2.4.3  整除/运算符.....................................................................................................8
2.4.4  JOptionPane 类.................................................................................................8
2.5  选择结构.....................................................................................................................10
2.6  循环结构.....................................................................................................................11
2.7  package 和import语句..............................................................................................12
3  类和对象.................................................................................................................................12
3.1  类和对象的基本概念.................................................................................................12
3.2  类的UML图表示.......................................................................................................12
3.3  封装、继承和方法重载.............................................................................................13
3.4  构造方法.....................................................................................................................13
3.4.1  对象的创建.....................................................................................................13
3.4.2  引用变量.........................................................................................................14
3.4.3  声明变量和创建对象.....................................................................................14
3.4.4  访问对象的实例变量和实例方法.................................................................14
3.4.5  基本类型变量和引用类型变量的区别.........................................................14
3.4.6  基本类型变量和引用类型变量赋值的区别.................................................15
3.5  类修饰符.....................................................................................................................15
3.6  类的结构.....................................................................................................................15
3.7  类成员访问修饰符.....................................................................................................16
3.8  成员变量.....................................................................................................................17
3.9  Getter和Setter方法.................................................................................................17
3.10  对象的概念和类型.................................................................................................17
3.11  对象的内存模型.....................................................................................................18
3.12  对象方法和属性的使用.........................................................................................19
3.13  将对象传递给方法.................................................................................................21
3.14  对象数组.................................................................................................................21
3.15  实例变量和类变量的区别.....................................................................................22
3.16  静态方法.................................................................................................................25
3.17  实例方法和类方法的区别.....................................................................................26

3.18  类的继承.................................................................................................................26
3.19  父类和子类.............................................................................................................29
3.20  继承的父子类类型转换.........................................................................................29
3.21  继承时成员变量的隐藏和方法的重写.................................................................30
3.22  覆盖和重载.............................................................................................................32
3.23  Object类.....................................................................................................................32
3.24  多态性、动态绑定.................................................................................................33
3.25  通用编程.................................................................................................................33
3.26  对象类型转换.........................................................................................................34
3.27  隐藏数据字段和静态方法.....................................................................................35
3.28  protected修饰符........................................................................................................35
3.29  final类和final方法....................................................................................................35
3.30  abstract类和abstract方法........................................................................................35
3.31  变量的作用域.........................................................................................................38
3.32  this...............................................................................................................................38
3.33  super 的使用..............................................................................................................39
3.34  接口interface .........................................................................................................41
3.34.1  接口的两个方面含义.....................................................................................41
3.34.2  接口和抽象类的区别.....................................................................................41
3.34.3  接口回调.........................................................................................................45
3.35  Date 类........................................................................................................................48
4  数组和字符串.........................................................................................................................52
4.1  一维数组.....................................................................................................................52
4.1.1  声明数组引用变量.........................................................................................53
4.1.2  创建数组.........................................................................................................53
4.1.3  数组初始化.....................................................................................................54
4.1.4  访问数组.........................................................................................................54
4.1.5  增强的for循环..............................................................................................54
4.1.6  复制数组.........................................................................................................55
4.1.7  数组作为参数传递.........................................................................................55
4.2  二维数组.....................................................................................................................55
4.2.1  二维数组声明.................................................................................................55
4.2.2  二维数组的长度.............................................................................................56
4.2.3  不规则数组.....................................................................................................56
4.3  字符串数组.................................................................................................................56
4.4  字符串.........................................................................................................................56
4.4.1  java.lang.String................................................................................................59
4.4.2  String构造函数..............................................................................................59
4.4.3  字符串的存储特点.........................................................................................59
4.4.4  规范字符串.....................................................................................................60
4.4.5  字符串的比较.................................................................................................60
4.4.6  连接字符串.....................................................................................................60
4.4.7  字符串转换.....................................................................................................60
4.4.8  查找字符或字符串.........................................................................................61

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