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[资源] 2014新书：石墨烯的功能及其应用（Functionalization of Graphene）

Functionalization of Graphene

Author(s): Vasilios Georgakilas (Ed.)
Series: Periodical:
Publisher: Wiley-VCH City:
Year: 2014 Edition: 1st
Language: English Pages: 424
ISBN: 352733551X, 9783527335510 ID: 1193235
All set to become the standard reference on the topic, this book covers the most important procedures for chemical functionalization, making it an indispensable resource for all chemists, physicists, materials scientists and engineers entering or already working in the field. Expert authors share their knowledge on a wide range of different functional groups, including organic functional groups, hydrogen, halogen, nanoparticles and polymers.
Contents
Preface XIII
List of Contributors XV
1 An Introduction to Graphene 1
Konstantinos Spyrou and Petra Rudolf
1.1 Brief History of Graphite 1
1.2 Graphene and Graphene Oxide 2
1.2.1 Preparation of Graphene from Graphene Oxide 3
1.2.2 Isolation of Pristine Graphene Monolayers 5
1.2.3 Large Scale Production of GO by Langmuir-Blodgett Methods 6
1.2.4 Other Methods of Graphene Production 6
1.3 Characterization of Graphene 9
1.3.1 Microscopic Observation 9
1.3.2 Raman Spectroscopy 11
1.3.3 Thermogravimetric Analysis 12
1.3.4 Optical Properties of Graphene 13
1.3.5 X-Ray Diffraction Pattern 17
References 18
2 Covalent Attachment of Organic Functional Groups on Pristine
Graphene 21
Vasilios Georgakilas
2.1 Introduction 21
2.2 Cycloaddition Reactions 22
2.2.1 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of Azomethine Ylide 22
2.2.1.1 Through a Substituted Aldehyde Pathway 24
2.2.1.2 Through Substituted α Amino Acid Pathway 27
2.2.2 Cycloaddition by Zwitterionic Intermediate 28
2.2.3 Diels–Alder Cycloaddition 29
2.2.4 Nitrene Addition 30
2.2.5 Carbene Addition 35
2.2.6 Aryne Addition 36
2.2.7 Bingel Type Cycloaddition 37

4 Chemical Functionalization of Graphene for Biomedical
Applications 95
Cinzia Spinato, C′ecilia M′enard-Moyon, and Alberto Bianco
4.1 Introduction 95
4.2 Covalent Functionalization of Graphene Nanomaterials 97
4.2.1 Synthesis of GO and rGO 99
4.2.1.1 Synthesis of Graphene Oxide 99
4.2.1.2 Reduction of Graphene Oxide 99
4.2.2 Functionalization of Graphene Oxide with Polymers 100
4.2.2.1 PEGylated-GO Conjugates 100
4.2.2.2 Covalent Linkage of Biopolymers 103
4.2.3 Tethering of Antibodies 105
4.2.4 Attachment of Nucleic Acids 106
4.2.5 Grafting of Peptides and Enzymes 108
4.2.6 Attachment of Other Organic Molecules and Biomolecules 108
4.3 Non-covalent Functionalization of Graphene 110
4.3.1 Adsorption via π-Stacking 110
4.3.1.1 Adsorption of Drugs 111
4.3.1.2 Adsorption of Pyrene Derivatives 111
4.3.1.3 Non-covalent Interactions with Nucleic Acids and Aptamers 113
4.3.1.4 Immobilization of Enzymes, Proteins, and Other
Macromolecules 116
4.3.2 Electrostatic and Hydrophobic Interactions 116
4.3.2.1 Coating with Polymers and Biopolymers 116
4.3.2.2 Deposition of Nanoparticles 119
4.3.2.3 Adsorption of Quantum Dots 121
4.4 Graphene-Based Conjugates Prepared by a Combination of Covalent
and Non-covalent Functionalization 121
4.4.1 Polymer- and Biopolymer-Grafted Graphene Nanomaterials Used as
Nanocarriers 121
4.4.1.1 Polymer-Functionalized GO for Drug Delivery 122
4.4.1.2 Polymer-Functionalized GO for Gene Delivery 123
4.4.1.3 Chitosan-Functionalized GO 125
4.4.2 GO Functionalized with Targeting Ligands and Antibodies 125
4.4.2.1 Folic Acid-Conjugated GO 125
4.4.2.2 Antibody-Functionalized GO for Radioimaging
and Biosensing 127
4.5 Conclusions 129
Acknowledgments 130
References 130
5 Immobilization of Enzymes and other Biomolecules on Graphene 139
Ioannis V. Pavlidis, Michaela Patila, Angeliki C. Polydera,
Dimitrios Gournis, and Haralampos Stamatis
5.1 Introduction 139
8.6 Conclusions 252
References 252
9 Functionalization of Graphene by other Carbon Nanostructures 255
Vasilios Georgakilas
9.1 Introduction 255
9.2 Graphene–C60 Nanocomposites 255
9.2.1 Covalent Bonding of C60 on GO 256
9.2.2 Deposition of C60 on Graphene 256
9.3 Graphene–CNT Hybrid Nanostructures 262
9.3.1 Graphene–CNT Composites by Simple Mixing 264
9.3.2 Graphene–CNTs Hybrid Nanostructures by Direct Development
of CNTs on Graphene Surface 272
9.4 Graphene–Carbon Nanospheres 274
9.5 Graphene–Carbon Nitride Dots Hybrid Nanocomposite 277
9.6 Conclusions 279
References 280
10 Doping of Graphene by Nitrogen, Boron, and Other Elements 283
Achutharao Govindaraj and C.N.R. Rao
10.1 Introduction 283
10.2 Nitrogen-Doped Graphene 284
10.2.1 DC Arcing 284
10.2.2 Heating with Ammonia, Hydrazine, and Other
Reagents 287
10.2.3 Chemical Functionalization Route 288
10.2.4 Solvothermal Synthesis 289
10.2.5 Chemical Vapor Deposition and Pyrolysis 293
10.2.6 Pyrolysis Methods 300
10.2.7 Other Methods 306
10.3 Boron Doping 320
10.3.1 Mechanical Exfoliation 321
10.3.2 Thermal Annealing 321
10.3.3 Chemical Vapor Deposition 323
10.3.4 Other Methods 326
10.4 BN Doping in Graphene 329
10.5 Doping with Other Elements 334
10.6 Properties and Applications 339
References 352
11 Layer-by-Layer Assembly of Graphene-Based Hybrid Materials 359
Antonios Kouloumpis, Panagiota Zygouri, Konstantinos Dimos, and
Dimitrios Gournis
11.1 Introduction 359
11.2 LbL Graphene-Based Hybrid Films 360

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