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2013CRC新著：固体中粒子的动力学及热力学（英文版）
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Kinetics and thermodynamics of fast particles in solids Features Investigates the motion of fast particles in solids using the kinetic Boltzmann equation and methods of Markov processes theory Covers new directions in the statistical theory of particles in solids based on the generalized Gibbs ensembles for strongly non-equilibrium systems Analyses of quasi-equilibrium, thermodynamic, and kinetic characteristics of alignment (or random) beams of particles regarded as separate thermodynamic subsystems Demonstrates how rate coefficients of dechanneling, energy loss, thermalization, and diffusion can be used in a wide range of thermodynamic conditions Summary Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Fast Particles in Solids examines the kinetics and non-equilibrium statistical thermodynamics of fast charged particles moving in crystals in different modes. It follows a line of research very different from traditional ways of constructing a theory of radiation effects, which gives a purely mechanistic interpretation of particle motion. In contrast, this book takes into account the thermodynamic forces due to separation of the thermodynamic parameters of the subsystem of particles ("hot" atoms) on the parameters of the thermostat (electrons and lattice), in addition to covering the various mechanisms of collisions. Topics Include: Construction of a local kinetic equation of Boltzmann type for fast particles interacting with the conduction electrons and lattice vibrations, on the basis of the principles of Bogolyubov’s kinetic theory Calculation of the equilibrium energy and angular distributions of fast particles at a depth of the order of coherence length, and the evolution of particle distribution with increasing depth of penetration of the beam Calculation of transverse quasi-temperature of channeled particles with the heating of the beam in the process of diffusion of particles in the space of transverse energies, as well as cooling the beam through a dissipative process Research in the framework of non-equilibrium thermodynamics of the relaxation kinetics of random particles, including the thermodynamics of positronium atoms moving in insulators under laser irradiation Analysis of the kinetics of hot carriers in semiconductors and thermalization of hot carriers, as well as the calculation of the statistical distribution of ejected atoms formed during the displacement cascade The book sets a new direction of the theory of radiation effects in solids—non-equilibrium statistical thermodynamics of fast particles—and aims to focus and aid the reader in the study of new areas of investigation in this area. Table of Contents Theoretical Background and Model Presentation Two theoretical disciplines: non-equilibrium statistical mechanics and non-equilibrium statistical thermodynamics Short description of the non-equilibrium system Channeling effect of charged particles Channeling of Charged High-Energy Particles as a Stochastic Process Markov process with a normal (Gaussian) distribution Transport coefficients of channeled particles in electron scattering (non-local theory) Kinetic features of channeled particles in the presence of thermal lattice vibrations (local theory) Dechanneling Three modes of motion of fast particles Local Boltzmann Kinetic Equation as Applied to Plane and Axial Channeling The distribution function for the complex of a fast particle and r atoms in the crystal The chain of BBGKY equations in channeling theory Local linearized Boltzmann equation The equation of local balance of the number of particles in the channeling problem Diagonal element of the matrix of effects in electron scattering Features of the kinetic functions as a consequence of locality of the theory Transition to the kinetic Boltzmann equation in the theory of rarefied gases Two Classes of Irreversible Processes in Statistical Theory of Channeling Phase mixing and dissipative processes Phase mixing at shallow depths of penetration (S-contributions) The linear theory of reaction Non-Equilibrium Statistical Thermo-Dynamics as Applied to Channeling General view of the statistical operator for non-equilibrium systems Non-equilibrium statistical operator in quantum theory of channeling Definitions of the quantum theory of dechanneling Fokker–Planck–Kolmogorov finite difference equation The statistical coefficient of dechanneling rate The rate of release of particles from the channeling regime, taking into account the spatial separation of directional beam Non-Equilibrium Statistical Thermodynamics of Directional Particle Beams Concept of Transverse Quasi-Temperature Formulation of the theory based on expansion of the non-equilibrium statistical operator The energy–momentum balance equation in the comoving coordinate system Linearization of the balance equation The solution of the balance equation The dependence of equilibrium distributions on transverse quasi-temperature (axial channel) Determination of magnitude of transverse quasi-temperature of channeled particles based on experimental data Quasi-temperature of strongly non-equilibrium systems Comparative analysis: channeled particles and the spin ga Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics of Chaotic Particles Relaxation kinetics and quasi-temperature of positronium atoms Quasi-temperature of subsystem of knocked-on atoms in displacement cascade Statistical Thermodynamics of Light Atoms Moving with Thermal Velocity Coefficient (constant) of the exit velocity of particles from the potential minimum Coefficient (constant) of rate of hydrogen atom discharge from potential minimum due to above-barrier jumps in fcc metal Tunneling transitions of hydrogen atoms due to the collapse of local deformation in the bcc lattice Thermally activated tunneling in bcc metals Concluding remarks on the migration of hydrogen atoms |
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