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残余应力的分析测量：采用中子衍射及同步加速器辐射技术
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Analysis of Residual Stress by Diffraction using Neutron and Synchrotron Radiation While residual stress can be a problem in many industries and lead to early failure of component, it can also be introduced deliberately to improve lifetimes. Knowledge of the residual stress state in a component can be critical for quality control of surface engineering processes or vital to performing an accurate assessment of component life under fatigue loading.Neutron and synchrotron X-ray diffraction have emerged as leading techniques for stress analysis, as they can penetrate many millimetres or centimetres into components, allowing nondestructive measurement of the internal strains. Both methods require the use of costly facility-based equipment, but great advantages are obtained from the ability to probe the stress state deep below a specimen's surface.Analysis of Residual Stress by Diffraction Using Neutron and Synchrotron Radiation gives an overview of the principles of these techniques and examples of their applications to a range of materials and engineering problems. It contains 20 chapter contributed by leading international experts in residual stress analysis, who explore the theoretical basis of stress analysis by diffraction methods, the practical implementation of the methods, and examples of key applications. The applications discussed include the determination of internal stresses in weldments, in composite materials, following shot peening, and in ceramics. This book will be useful for engineers and scientists who work in any field where residual stresses are of importance, and for anyone involved with the application of neutron or synchrotron radiation for stress management. As the techniques become a basic component of the measurement toolkit for stress analysis, an appreciation of the practicalities and limitations of these methods in practice will be important throughout a range of engineering and scientific fields. Table of contents : Book Cover......Page 1 Title......Page 4 Copyright......Page 5 Contents......Page 6 Contributors......Page 8 Preface......Page 10 Acknowledgements......Page 13 Part 1......Page 14 1 The use of neutrons for materials characterization......Page 16 2 The use of synchrotron radiation for materials research......Page 41 Part 2......Page 58 3 Calculation of residual stress from measured strain......Page 60 4 Characterization of macrostresses......Page 73 5 Study of secondand third-order stresses......Page 91 6 The effect of texture on residual stress measurement and interpretation......Page 110 7 Anisotropy of lattice strain response......Page 127 Part 3......Page 144 8 Neutron diffraction using a constant wavelength......Page 146 9 Neutron pulsed source instrumentation......Page 159 10 Use of synchrotron X-ray radiation for stress measurement......Page 183 11 The use of neutron transmission for materials analysis......Page 203 Part 4......Page 220 12 Strain mapping......Page 222 13 Study of stress gradients using synchrotron X-ray diffraction......Page 232 14 Near-surface stress measurement using neutron diffraction......Page 246 Part 5......Page 262 15 Shot peening......Page 264 16 Composite materials......Page 276 17 Residual stress analysis in monocrystals using capillary optics......Page 292 18 Neutron residual stress measurement in welds......Page 309 19 Materials for nuclear fusion applications......Page 332 20 Residual stresses in ceramic materials......Page 347 Index......Page 362  |
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2014-11-12 07:58:48, 3.99 M
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