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[资源] Energy Environ. Sci11.03新鲜综述：有机太阳能电池的机械退化和稳定性因素

Mechanical degradation and stability of organic solar cells: molecular and microstructural determinants
Suchol Savagatrup, Adam D. Printz, Timothy F. O'Connor, Aliaksandr V. Zaretski,
Daniel Rodriquez, Eric J. Sawyer, Kirtana M. Rajan, Raziel I. Acosta, Samuel E. Root
and Darren J. Lipomi*

The mechanical properties of organic semiconductors and the mechanical failure mechanisms of devices play
critical roles in the yield of modules in roll-to-roll manufacturing and the operational stability of organic solar
cells (OSCs) in portable and outdoor applications. This paper begins by reviewing the mechanical properties—
principally stiffness and brittleness—of pure films of organic semiconductors. It identifies several determinants
of the mechanical properties, including molecular structures, polymorphism, and microstructure and texture.
Next, a discussion of the mechanical properties of polymer–fullerene bulk heterojunction blends reveals the
strong influence of the size and purity of the fullerenes, the effect of processing additives as plasticizers, and
the details of molecular mixing—i.e., the extent of intercalation of fullerene molecules between the side chains
of the polymer. Mechanical strain in principle affects the photovoltaic output of devices in several ways, from
strain-evolved changes in alignment of chains, degree of crystallinity, and orientation of texture, to debonding,
cohesive failure, and cracking, which dominate changes in the high-strain regime. These conclusions highlight
the importance of mechanical properties and mechanical effects on the viability of OSCs during manufacture
and in operational environments. The review—whose focus is on molecular and microstructural determinants
of mechanical properties—concludes by suggesting several potential routes to maximize both mechanical
resilience and photovoltaic performance for improving the lifetime of devices in the near term and enabling
devices that require extreme deformation (i.e., stretchability and ultra-flexibility) in the future.
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2014-11-03 19:19:15, 2.21 M