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Ó¢ÎÄÊé¼®¡¶²ÄÁÏËÜÐÔ±äÐÎPlastic Deformation of Materials¡·
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²ÄÁÏËÜÐÔ¼Ó¹¤µÄÒ»±¾ÀÏÊ飬·ÖÏí¸ø´ó¼Ò£¬Ï£Íû¶Ô´ó¼ÒÓÉÓÚ£¬¸ø¸öºÃÆÀŶ£¬Ð»Ð»![]() ![]() ![]() The study of the phenomenon of plastic deformation is a very fertile and large branch of materials science. Since ancient times, when the first copper implements were forged, there have been numerous investigations of the plastic deformation characteristics of macroscopic solids. Mechanical properties, i.e., strength, ductility, toughness, are very important characteristics of materials. In addition, plastic deformation is a central means by which millions of tons of materials are shaped into products. Plastic deformation is clearly a very complex, irreversible process and, therefore, its understanding has evolved slowly. In the late nineteenth century it was first noted that plastic deformation occurred in slip or shear bands. Following this, it was observed in the 1910's that plastic deformation took place on rational crystallographic planes. The modern era of research on plastic deformation began in 1934, with the introduction of the dislocation to account for the low observed levels of stress to achieve permanent deformation. This important development was followed by proposals of mechanisms of dislocation motion and models by which dislocations interact with obstacles. Thereby evolved the relationship between theories of dislocation dynamics and the form of the observed stress-strain curve for a large variety of crystalline materials. The chapters in this volume review the great profusion of ideas on plastic deformation which have been put forward over the years. The overall goal here has been to analyze the important developments and to place them in a modern perspective. Plastic deformation of metals, crystalline non-metals and polymers are covered in the seven chapters of this volume. Attesting to the continuous activity in this area of research are the more than 1000 references contained herein, which must in truth be considered to be a modest number. |
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