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[×ÊÔ´] Chem. Rev.10.29ÐÂÏÊ£ºElectrolytes and Interphases in Li-Ion Batteries and Beyond

Electrolytes and Interphases in Li-Ion Batteries and Beyond
Kang Xu*Chem. Rev.10.29ÐÂÏÊ£ºElectrolytes and Interphases in Li-Ion Batteries and Beyond
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Chem. Rev.10.29ÐÂÏÊ£ºElectrolytes and Interphases in Li-Ion Batteries and Beyond-1
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¸½¼þ2£ºNonaqueous Liquid Electrolytes for Lithium-Based Rechargeable Batteries¡ª¡ªÎª´Ë×÷Õß2004ÄêÔÚͬһÔÓÖ¾ÉϵÄ×ÛÊöÎÄÕ£¡
CONTENTS
1. Introduction and Scope B
2. Electrolyte Bulk Properties C
2.1. Ion Transport C
2.2. Li+-Solvation D
2.3. Li+−Solvent Interaction in Electrolyte Solutions D
2.4. Li+-Solvates in Concentrated Electrolytes F
3. Electrolyte Components F
3.1. New Solvents F
3.1.1. Esters G
3.1.2. Sulfones and Sulfoxides L
3.1.3. Nitriles N
3.1.4. Phosphorus-Based Solvents N
3.1.5. Silicon-Based Solvents P
3.1.6. Ethers Q
3.2. Anion Receptors R
3.3. New Lithium Salts T
3.3.1. Phosphates U
3.3.2. Borates and Boron-Based Cluster U
3.3.3. Imides Y
3.3.4. Heterocyclic Anions Y
3.3.5. Aluminates Z
3.4. Additives Z
3.4.1. Additives for Graphitic Anode AA
3.4.2. Additives and Interphasial Chemistry on Alloy-Type Anodes AG
3.4.3. Additives for Cathode AJ
3.4.4. Additives for Overcharge Protection AL
3.4.5. Additive Evaluation with High Precision Coulometry AN
3.5. Artificial Interphases AO
3.5.1. Artificial Interphases on Graphitic or Alloy Anodes AP
3.5.2. Artificial Interphases on Cathodes AQ
3.6. Ionic Liquids AU
3.6.1. Imidazoliums AV
3.6.2. Pyrrolidinums AW
3.6.3. Other Cyclic and Acyclic Ammoniums and Phosphoniums AX
3.6.4. A Sober Perspective on Ionic Liquid Electrolytes AY
3.7. Solid Polymer and Polymer Gel Electrolytes AZ
3.7.1. Solid Polymer Electrolytes AZ
3.7.2. Gel Polymer Electrolytes BC
3.8. ¡°Quasi-Ionic Liquid¡± Electrolytes BD
3.8.1. Carbonate−Li Salt Systems BD
3.8.2. Ether−Li Salt Systems BE
3.8.3. Polymer−Li Salt BE
3.8.4. Other Solvents−Li Salt BG
4. Degradation and Stabilization of Electrolytes BG
4.1. Degradation Mechanisms BG
4.2. Electrolyte Components To Suppress Degradations BH
4.2.1. Chemical and Thermal Degradations BH
4.2.2. Degradations with Anode BI
4.2.3. Degradations with Cathode BI
4.2.4. Degradations with Aluminum Substrate BJ
5. Understanding Interphases BJ
5.1. Anode/Electrolyte Interphase BK
5.1.1. Chemistry and Electrochemistry BK
5.1.2. Properties of Interphasial Components BQ
5.1.3. Formation Mechanism BR
5.1.4. EC−PC Mystery BW
5.2. Cathode/Electrolyte Interphase BW
5.2.1. Spontaneous Reactions BY
5.2.2. Chemistry and Electrochemistry BY
5.2.3. Interphase on High Voltage Cathodes BZ
5.2.4. Cathode/Anode Interactions CA
5.2.5. How Interphases on Cathode and Anode Differ CB
5.3. Advanced Characterization and Imaging CC
5.3.1. Ellipsometry and Sum-Frequency Generation Spectra CC
5.3.2. Electron Microscopes CD
5.3.3. Acoustics CE
5.3.4. Neutron-Based Techniques CE
5.3.5. Florescence CG
5.3.6. Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance CH
5.3.7. Scanning Probe Microscopy CI
6. Electrolytes and Interphases in ¡°Beyond Li-Ion¡± Chemistries CL
6.1. Conversion-Reaction Chemistry
6.2. Li/O2 or Li/Air Chemistry CL
6.2.1. Carbonates and Ethers CM
6.2.2. Other Solvents and Polymer Electrolytes CN
6.2.3. Additives CO
6.2.4. Li Salts CP
6.2.5. Potential Safety Concern of Li/O2 Chemistry CP
6.3. Li/S Chemistry CQ
6.4. Protection of Lithium Anode CR
6.5. Dual-Intercalation Chemistry CT
6.6. Sodium Ion Chemistry CV
6.7. Multivalent (Mg2+) Chemistry CW
7. Concluding Remarks CY
Author Information CY
Corresponding Author CY
Notes CY
Biography CY
Acknowledgments CZ
References CZ
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