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英文书籍《高温超导材料科学与工程》
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英文书籍《高温超导材料科学与工程》High-Temperature Superconducting Materials Science and Engineering We intend this book to provide an up-to-date introduction to the fascinating field of high-temperature superconductivity. The focus of the book is on the basic concepts and recent developments in the field, particularly in the areas of vortex-state properties, structure, synthesis and processing, phase equilibrium, defects characterization, thin films, conductor development, and applications. Most of the theoretical issues are addressed in a straightforward manner so that technical nonspecialists and university students can benefit from the information. Furthermore, many physical concepts in superconductivity are explained in light of current theories. This book is written for a large readership including university students and researchers from diverse backgrounds such as physics, materials science, engineering and chemistry. Both undergraduate and graduate students will find the book a valuable reference not only on superconductivity, but also on materials-related topics, including structure and phase diagrams of complex systems, novel ceramic and composite processing methods, thin film fabrication, and new materials-characterization techniques. In particular, this book gives a detailed introduction to experimental methods at low temperatures and high magnetic fields. Thus, it can serve as a comprehensive introduction to researchers in electromagnetic ceramics in general, and can also be used as a graduate-level text in superconductivity. The book devotes two chapters (Chapters 2 and 6) to cryogenic systems and low-temperature measurements. Detailed experimental procedures for both transport and magnetic measurements are presented at a level suitable for people with no previous training in these areas. The book systematically introduces cryogenics and low-temperature techniques specificallv for characterizing superconducting properties. Furthermore, the book inciudes numerous developments in magnetic property measurements of high-Tc superconductors by using SQUIDs, ac susceptometers and vibrating sample magnetometers. Recent developments in determining important superconducting parameters such as To Hc2, and Jc are presented in detail, providing essential information for researchers in the field. Chapters 2 and 6 are also valuable to beginners and technical nonspecialists in the study of superconductivity and in low-temperature measurements. Chapter 4 deals with vortex properties such as flux pinning, the Bean critical state, and flux creep. Although these concepts were introduced long ago, new vortex phenomena have been recently observed in high-Tc superconductors, requiring new and modified physical models to interpret them. For example, dynamic models including collective creep and Josephson coupling of bilayers of CuO plates have been developed to solve the flux motion problem. More fundamentally, flux avalanches observed near the critical state cannot be explained by traditional flux-creep models: Chapter 4 gives a detailed introduction to a new theory--self-organized criticality--for treating such vortex motion problems. Chapters 6, 7 and 8 should be of most interest to researchers in materials xi xii Preface processing. These chapters give detailed descrip.tions of many traditional and novel methods in synthesis and manufacture of ceramic materials with tailored microstructures and desired forms for practical applications. Recent research results in phase reactions, phase diagrams and heat treatment are presented for several high-Tc systems. In addition, Chapter 5 presents new characterization techniques using transmission electron microscopy, including the electron energy-loss spectrum method. With these highly advanced techniques, defect structures including tweeds, twin boundaries, grain boundaries, stacking faults and dislocations in high-To ceramics are studied in detail. In Chapter 3, the crystal structure of various perovskites is introduced for most of the high-To superconductors. The effects of structural changes on superconductivity and oxygen-ordering behavior are analyzed and illustrated by means of various experiments. The last chapter concerns one of the most exciting aspects of superconductivity: applications. Although industrial and scientific applications of conventional superconductors have been well established for several decades, it is a challenging task to use high-Tc oxides at liquid nitrogen temperature. Microstructure control, reproducibility and grain boundary weak links are still challenges to be overcome. Nevertheless, the potential applications of high-Tc materials are certainly recognized in many areas such as power transmission lines, magnetic levitation and nuclear magnetic resonance. The field is young, offering researchers exciting opportunities to make a major contribution to science and technology.     High-Temperature Superconducting Materials Science and Engineering_页面_008.jpg |
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