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1. Introduction The incidences of invasive fungal infection are increasing due to number of immune compromised host and oc- currence of antibiotic resistant strains [1]-[3]. The number of antifungal agent available for the treatment is li- mited and their use has been restricted because of toxicity or unfavorable pharmacokinetics profile. Hence, re- search interest has focused on discovery of safe and potent antifungal agent. One of the most successful ap- proaches is to screen microbial resources to extract novel antifungal antibiotics. Drug discovery from natural products has been traditionally focused on empirical exploitation of the most prolific microbial groups: actinomycetes and filamentous fungi. The literature vividly displays that actinomy- cetes have been the origin of the largest number of new antibiotic drug candidates and also lead molecules with applications in many other therapeutic areas [4] [5]. Access to the microbial diversity of actinomycetes in the environment has traditionally been focused on intensive sampling from a wide diversity of geographical loca- tions and habitats [6]. One of the approaches is to explore untapped actinomycetes communities that might be associated with rhizospheres, plant endophytes, lichens, and entophytic bacteria [7] [8], as well as marine sedi- ments and marine invertebrate-associated actinomycetes, which might facilitate isolation of novel microbial communities potentially producing novel chemical scaffolds [6]. Oceans, making up 70.8% of the surface of planet earth, contain untapped actinobacterial resources of bioac- tive compounds [9]. The salinity, low temperature, pressure and stress conditions in marine environments pro- voke a set of different metabolic pathways and defense system compared to their terrestrial counterparts, ensur- ing the potential ability to produce novel antibiotics [10]. According to recent findings, actinobacteria are widely distributed on the surface and inside animals and plants, in seawater and marine sediments. Marine-derived ac- tinomycetes are rich sources of novel secondary metabolites having diverse bioactivity such as antimicrobial, antitumor and immunosuppressive [11]-[13]. The novel structure, promising biological properties and prospects of fermentation-based mass production have led to the renewed interest in the search for potential drug from marine microorganism. During the ongoing screening program for the discovery of novel and superior antifungal compounds, an ac- tinomycetes strain PM0525875 was isolated from a marine invertebrate. It showed potent in-vitro antifungal ac- tivity encompassing resistant fungal strains. The present work deals with the isolation and characterization of antifungal compound, Caerulomycin A from a marine-derived actinomycetes species. |
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