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药物传输—3D打印技术的新应用
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A team of researchers at Louisiana Tech University has developed an innovative method for using affordable, consumer-grade 3D printers and materials to fabricate custom medical implants that can contain antibacterial and chemotherapeutic compounds for targeted drug delivery. 路易安纳州理工大学的研究者们通过传统的3D打印技术成功制造出了一种新型的药物埋植剂，这种药物埋植剂包含抗生素和化疗药物，可用于药物的靶向传输。 The team comprised of doctoral students and research faculty from Louisiana Tech’s biomedical engineering and nanosystems engineering programs collaborated to create filament extruders that can make medical-quality 3D printing filaments. Creating these filaments, which have specialized properties for drug delivery, is a new concept that can result in smart drug delivering medical implants or catheters. 这项突破是由路易斯安那州理工大学生物工程实验室和纳米工程实验室合作完成的。他们通过丝状挤压机制造出富含药物特性的3D打印丝状体。这些丝状体是一种新概念材料，在药物传输方面有一些专门的特性，可用于制造更有效的药物埋植剂或医用导管。 “After identifying the usefulness of the 3D printers, we realized there was an opportunity for rapid prototyping using this fabrication method,” said Jeffery Weisman, a doctoral student in Louisiana Tech’s biomedical engineering program. “Through the addition of nanoparticles and/or other additives, this technology becomes much more viable using a common 3D printing material that is already biocompatible. The material can be loaded with antibiotics or other medicinal compounds, and the implant can be naturally broken down by the body over time.” “在看到了3D打印机的应用之后，我们意识到采用这种技术来进行快速原型设计会是一个机会。”路易斯安那州科技大学生物医学工程博士生杰弗瑞•威斯曼说，“通过纳米粒子以及其他添加物的加入，这项技术变得更加具有可行性。目前应用传统3D打印材料制造出的产品以不会产生排异反应。这些材料可以搭载抗生素和其他药物成分，并且一段时间后会在身体中自然降解。” According to Weisman, personalized medicine and patient specific medication regiments is a current trend in healthcare. He says this new method of creating medically compatible 3D printing filaments will offer hospital pharmacists and physicians a novel way to deliver drugs and treat illness. 据威斯曼讲，个体特异性医疗是目前医疗的趋势。他说，通过这项技术制造出的产品拥有药物学兼容性，而这将会为药剂师及内科医生在传输药物及治疗疾病时提供更多的选择。 “One of the greatest benefits of this technology is that it can be done using any consumer printer and can be used anywhere in the world,” Weisman said. “这项的技术的重大优势是它的普适性，应用任何传统的3D打印机，在世界的任何地方，我们都可以制造出医疗产品，” 威斯曼如是说。 Weisman, who works out of a lab directed by Dr. David K. Mills, professor of biological sciences and biomedical engineering, partnered with Connor Nicholson, a doctoral candidate in nanosystems engineering and member of a lab operated by Dr. Chester Wilson, associate professor of electrical and nanosystems engineering, to develop the technology in collaboration with Mills. The group also worked with Extrusionbot, LLC of Phoenix, Arizona, who provided important materials support throughout the development and testing process. 威斯曼同康纳•尼尔森（纳米系统工程博士生）以及切斯特•威尔逊实验室的部分成员同米尔斯合作，共同开发了这项技术。该团队在Extrusionbot，3D打印机上进行试验。亚利桑那州的LLC公司为本次研发提供产品测试以及材料方面的支持。 “We had been working on several applications of 3D printing,” said Mills. “Several students in my lab including Jeff and Connor, who was a guest researcher from Dr. Wilson’s lab, had been working with colleagues for some time. I sent an email to them and asked them the question, ‘Do you think it would be possible to print antibiotic beads using some kind of PMMA or other absorbable material?’” “我们正在研究3D打印技术的多方面应用，”米克斯说。“我的实验室的几个学生包括杰夫和康纳（威尔逊实验室的客座研究员）已经从业多年。我曾E-mail他们，问过他们这样一个问题‘你觉得应用PMMA材料或者其他可吸收的材料来打印抗生素药剂是否具有可行性？’” From that point, the technology evolved and has become a highly innovative approach to overcoming many of the limitations encountered in current drug delivery systems. Most of today’s antibiotic implants, or “beads,” are made out of bone cements which have to be hand-mixed by a surgeon during a surgical procedure and contain toxic carcinogenic substances. These beads, which are actually a type of Plexiglas, do not break down in the body and require additional surgery for removal. Weisman and his team’s custom 3D print filaments can be made of bioplastics which can be resorbed by the body to avoid the need for additional surgery. 从那一刻开始，这项技术逐步形成并且开创性地解决了许多药物传输领域所遇到的问题。目前，大多数水凝胶微球或抗生素埋植剂都是以水泥骨为原料来制造出来的。这种微球必须由外科医生在手术过程中人工混合，并且含有致癌物质。这种微球实际上是一种树脂玻璃，它们在人体中不能降解，需要额外的手术进行移除。而用3D打印技术制造出的丝状物可以被用来制成可被人体吸收，无需额外手术取出的生物塑料。 The nature of the 3D printing process developed at Louisiana Tech allows for the creation of partially hollow beads that provide for a greater surface area and increased drug delivery and control. Localized treatment with the 3D printed antibiotic beads also avoids large systemic drug dosages that are toxic and can cause damage to a patient’s liver and kidneys. 路易安纳州理工大学发展的3D打印技术着眼于提高镂空微球的表面性质及药物传输与控制能力。这种通过3D打印微球的局部治疗的方法可以避免过量用药所带来的毒性，减轻肝脏、肾脏的负荷。 “Currently, embedding of additives in plastic requires industrial-scale facilities to ensure proper dispersion throughout the extruded plastic,” explains Mills. “Our method enables dispersion on a tabletop scale, allowing researchers to easily customize additives to the desired levels. There are not even any industrial processes for antibiotics or special drug delivery as injection molding currently focuses more on colorants and cosmetic properties.” “目前，在塑料中植入附加物还需要一些专门的工业化生产设备以保证添加物弥散地分布在塑料基体中，”米尔斯解释道。“我们的方法在一定范围内允许研究人员自由定制添加物的加入量。目前，甚至没有任何抗生素的工业生产过程及特定药物传输器具的方法能像注塑法一样更多的关注药物的均匀分布。” “It is truly novel and a worldwide first to be 3D printing custom devices with antibiotics and chemotherapeutics.” “这真的是传统3D打印技术在制造抗生素及化疗药物领域的一个创举。” The team said the environment at Louisiana Tech played a large role in this project making the progress it has, in a relatively short period of time. “The project has been able to advance to this point because of the support of and easy access to interdisciplinary facilities and outstanding faculty such as Drs. Mills, Wilson and [Dr. Mark] DeCoster,” said Weisman. “They and their labs have been crucial in taking cell culture and chemotherapeutic related aspects of this project to the next level.” 科研团队认为路易安纳州理工大学优良的科研环境在这个项目中扮演了重要角色，它使得这个项目能够在极短的时间里便取得了较大的成就。“这个项目之所以会取得进步正是由于这一点，因为在这里我们可以得到跨学科的设备以及优秀人才的支持，像米尔斯、威尔逊以及德科斯泰，”威斯曼说。“他们以及他们实验室在细胞学及化疗技术方面把这项计划推向了一个新的高度。” “It is important to continue support of this research and to help bring Louisiana Tech to the forefront of rapid prototyping designs that will have impacts on a national scale.” “这个成果对该项研究的持续发展以及保持路易安纳州理工大学在快速原型设计方面的领先地位很重要，这将产生国家层面的巨大影响力。” 相关单词： implant 埋植剂 bead 珠 antibacterial 抗菌的 antibiotics 抗生素 filament 长丝；丝状体；单纤维 extruder 挤压机 catheter 导管 prototyping 原型设计 biocompatible 不会引起排异的 regiment 大量的人及物 carcinogenic 致癌物质 |
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