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The Long Valley, in western White Pine County, Nevada, is approximately 60 mi northwest of Ely and 75 mi north of the oil production in Railroad Valley. Structures in the Long Valley area result from three orogenies: the first in the middle of the Paleozoic, the second in the latter part of the Mesozoic, and the third in the second half of the Cenozoic. The first two orogenies were compressional, whereas the third was extensional. These three orogenies have produced a variety of structural traps for hydrocarbon accumulation. The complete Paleozoic section in the Long Valley area exceeds 30,000 ft. In the prospect area a minimum of 20,000 ft still has hydrocarbon potential. The Tertiary section is rarely thicker than 8,000 ft and is commonly thinner than 3,000 ft. Only five wells have been drilled in Long Valley, the first in 1966, the last two in 1985. All five wells had shows of live oil indicating that hydrocarbons are present in the area. The primary petroleum source rock in east central Nevada is the Mississippian Chainman Shale that contains approximately 1,000 ft of organic-rich black shale and is among the best oil source rocks in the world. Other source rocks include the Pilot Shale and the organic-rich carbonates and shales found in parts of the pre-Mississippian formations. Geochemical analyses show that viable source rocks as old as Cambrian are still capable of generating hydrocarbons. Log data show the presence of gad sandstone reservoirs in the Chainman and very porous reservoirs in the carbonates of Pennsylvanian, Devonian, and Ordovician age. The carbonates have intergranular, fracture, and vuggy porosity. Permeabilities are quite high, resulting in high flow rates, commonly more than 1,000 BPD. Estimated reserves per 80 acres vary from 1,450,000 barrels in the Joana to more than 5,000,000 barrels in the Pogonip. The potential for large reserves in a field of modest areal extent is obvious. |
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