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1 一维ZnO纳米材料因其优异的光学性能和电子输运能力，在制作纳米电子器件及纳米光电子器件等领域表现出巨大的应用潜力。尤其在基底上生长的1-D ZnO纳米棒阵列可制作短波激光器和Graetzel太阳能电池电极，引起了重多研究者的关注。目前制备高度有序，定向生长的ZnO纳米阵列多采用气相法和液相法。气相法合成的产品虽然纯度高、结晶好、粒度可控，但反应条件苛刻、操作复杂，实施起来需要昂贵的仪器和较高的温度，不利于ZnO纳米阵列的大规模生产，从而制约了其在许多纳米器件中的应用。液相法制备的主要优点是：对于很复杂的材料都可以获得化学均匀性很高的一维纳米结构，而且能对纳米线的垂直阵列生长起到一定的调控作用，操作简单、反应条件温和、无污染，是大规模制备ZnO纳米线/棒阵列的有效方法。 2 采用陈化法制备ZnO纳米晶种，在1-D ZnO微/纳米棒阵列生长的最优条件的基础上，添加不同的离子型表面活性剂制备1-D ZnO微/纳米棒阵列，研究生长溶液中的添加剂对1-D ZnO微/纳米棒阵列的影响。实验表明，阳离子表面活性剂CTAB对1-D ZnO微/纳米阵列有一定的影响作用，它在溶液中电离出带有疏水基的阳离子C19H42N+，低浓度时，C19H42N+所具有的碳烃长链形成的空间位阻对ZnO阵列起主要作用；高浓度时，C19H42N+和Zn(OH)42-之间的静电引力占优势，晶体生长速度加快。阴离子表面活性剂SDS和SDBS的离子带负电，且其亲水基具有一定的空间位阻，能够减慢向ZnO晶体界面输送生长基元Zn(OH)42-的速度；而又由于SDS和SDBS的结构不同，SDBS除了和SDS一样具有碳氢长链外，在溶液中电离出的DBS2-还含有一个体积较大的带苯环的头部，空间位阻明显增大，因此随着添加浓度的增加，二者对ZnO微/纳米棒阵列影响亦不同。 |
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1 Unidimensional ZnO nanomaterials because of its outstanding optical quality and electronic transportation ability, in manufacture nanometer domains and so on electronic device and nanometer photoelectron component displays the huge application potential.1-D which grows in the basis a ZnO nanometer good array may manufacture the short wave laser and the Graetzel solar cell electrode especially, has aroused the heavy multi-researcher's interest.At present prepares the order, a ZnO nanometer array which the direction detection grows uses the gas phase law and the liquid phase law highly.Although the gas phase law synthesis product the purity high, crystallizes, the granularity is controllable, but the response condition harsh, the operation is complex, implements needs the expensive instrument and the high temperature, does not favor a ZnO nanometer array the large scale production, thus has restricted it in many nanometer component applications.The liquid phase legal system prepares the main merit is: All may obtain the chemistry uniformity very high unidimensional nanometer structure regarding the very complex material, moreover can to accept the rice-flour noodle the vertical array to grow certain regulative function, the operation simple, the response condition temperate, does not have the pollution, is prepares ZnO to accept the rice-flour noodle/good array massively the effective method. 2 Uses the Chen reduction to prepare a ZnO nanometer seed crystal, micro/nanometer good array grows in 1-D the ZnO in the most superior condition foundation, increases the different ion surface active agent to prepare 1-D the ZnO micro/nanometer good array, in the research growth solution chemical additive to 1-D the ZnO micro/nanometer good array influence.The experiment indicated that, positive ion surface active agent CTAB micro/nanometer array has certain influence role to 1-D the ZnO, it ionizes when the solution has sparse Shui Ji positive ion C19H42N+, the low concentration, C19H42N+ has the carbon hydrocarbon long chain forms the spatial steric hindrance plays the main function to the ZnO array; When high potency, between C19H42N+ and the Zn(OH)42- electrostatic attraction gets the advantage, the crystal growth speed speeds up.Anion surface active agent SDS and SDBS to the innertube negative electricity, also its water affinity base have certain spatial steric hindrance, can reduce speed to ZnO the crystal contact surface transportation growth element Zn(OH)42- speed; But because also SDS and the SDBS structure is different, SDBS besides has the carbon hydrogen long chain equally with SDS, ionizes DBS2- in the solution also to include a volume big belt benzene ring forehead, the spatial steric hindrance increases obviously, therefore along with the increase density increase, the two is also different to the ZnO micro/nanometer good array influence. [ Last edited by xhzyyangyang on 2008-4-5 at 17:24 ] |
2楼2008-04-05 17:23:12
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