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[交流] New Trends in Enzyme Catalysis and Biomimetic Chemical Reactions 已有3人参与

About two centuries ago the German poet, writer and philosopher J.W. Goethe noted
that Nature is not only a great artist but also a skillful master. The contemporary
generation of scientists who work in the fields of molecular biology, biochemistry and
biophysics can appreciate to the fullest extent not only the internal beauty of natural
molecular structures but also with what consummate skill these structures have been
created. One of the wonderful creations of Nature, biological catalysis, appears as a
challenging problem to chemists of the 21th century. The unique catalytic properties of
enzyme, which are their precise specificity, selectivity, high rate of chemical reaction,
and regulatory capacity occupy a great deal of attention. Classical and modern physical
chemistry, chemical kinetics, organic, inorganic and quantum-chemistry provide an
arsenal of physical methods and establish a basis for the investigation of structure and
action mechanism of enzymes. The general properties of enzymes, the “ideal” chemical
catalysts, are the formation of intermediates, smooth thermodynamic relief along the
reaction coordinate, fulfillment of all selection rules for chemical reactions, the ability to
proceed and to stop temporarily and spatially, and compatibility with the ambient media.
These properties are possible by multifunctional active centers, by the unique structure of
protein globules, possessing both rigidity and flexibility, and the formation of catalytic
ensembles. Biochemistry returns to chemistry a plethora of knowledge about nearly
“ideal” catalysts and opens the way for chemical modeling of enzyme reactions.
This book is a view of enzyme catalysis by a physico-chemist with long-term
experience in the investigation of structure and action mechanism of biological catalysts.
This book is not intended to provide an exhaustive survey of each topic but rather a
discussion of their theoretical and experimental background, and recent developments.
The literature of enzyme catalysis is so vast and many scientists have made important
contribution in the area, that it is impossible in the space allowed for this book to give a
representative set of references. The author has tried to use reviews, and general
principles of articles. He apologizes to those he has not been able to include.
The first chapter of the present monograph expound upon new approaches and twists
to traditional physical and kinetic methods of investigation of structure and action
mechanism. The second chapter is a brief outline of current ideas on the general
mechanisms of separate stages of enzyme catalytic processes. In the subsequent chapters,
the author’s attention focuses on an analysis of structure and action mechanism of
“tough” enzymatic processes which can not yet be effectively realized by chemists in
ambient conditions: reduction of nitrogen, hydroxylation of alkans, conversion of light
energy, photosynthetic water oxidation; etc. The present status of the knowledge of
protein molecular dynamics (fluctuation dynamics of protein) and its paramount role in
enzyme functions will be reviewed. Areas related to enzyme catalysis such as antibody
catalysis, enzymes in organic solvents, enzymes in synthetic chemistry and enzyme
design are outlined. In concluding chapter, a progress in chemical mimicking of “tough”
enzymatic reactions is considered.

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