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·¢Ò»ÆªChemical ReviewsÉϵĹØÓÚÖÊ×Ó½»»»Ä¤È¼ÁÏµç³ØÄ;ÃÐÔºÍÍË»¯»úÀíµÄ×ÛÊö£¬28¸ö×÷Õߣ¬648ƪ²Î¿¼ÎÄÏ×£¬48Ò³£¬Ð´µÃÏ൱ȫ£¬¸öÈËÈÏΪ±È½Ï¾µä£¬·¢À´Óë¸÷³æÓÑ·ÖÏí¡£ ±êÌ⣺Scientific Aspects of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Durability and Degradation.pdfµã»÷±êÌâÒà¿ÉÒÔÏÂÔØ ÄÚÈÝ£º Contents 1. Introduction 1.1. Durability Targets for Stationary and Transportation Applications 1.1.1. U.S. DOE Fuel Cell Programs 1.1.2. Japanese NEDO Fuel Cell Programs 1.1.3. European Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technology Platform 1.2. PEM Fuel Cell Materials 1.3. Durability Tests 2. Operational Effects on Fuel Cell Durability 2.1. Impurity Effects 2.1.1. Fuel Impurities 2.1.2. Air Impurities 2.2. Subfreezing Effects in PEM Fuel Cells 2.2.1. Effect of Subfreezing Temperatures on PEM Fuel Cells and Components 2.2.2. Start-up Characteristics of Fuel Cells at Subfreezing Temperatures 2.2.3. Mitigation Strategies Utilized To Avoid Degradation Due to Subfreezing Temperatures 2.3. Other Operating Conditions 2.3.1. Load Cycling: Potential 2.3.2. Fuel Starvation 2.3.3. Start/Stop Cycling 2.3.4. Temperature and Relative Humidity 3. Membrane Degradation 3.1. Discussion of Polymer Electrolyte Membranes (PEMs) 3.2. In Situ PEM Durability Evaluation 3.2.1. Life Test 3.2.2. Accelerated Life Test 3.3. Chemical Degradation 3.3.1. Peroxide/Radical Degradation 3.3.2. Hydrolytic Degradation 3.3.3. Efforts to Improve Chemical Properties 3.4. Physical Degradation 3.4.1. Membrane Creep 3.4.2. Microcrack Fracture 3.4.3. Structural/Morphological Changes 3.4.4. Efforts To Improve Physical Properties 4. Electrocatalyst Stability 4.1. Chemical State of Platinum under PEMFC Cathode Conditions 4.1.1. Thermodynamics 4.2. Spectroscopic Analysis of Pt in the Electrochemical Environment 4.2.1. Bulk Electrodes 4.2.2. Carbon-Supported Nanoparticles in Aqueous Electrolyte 4.2.3. Carbon-Supported Platinum Nanoparticles in an MEA 4.2.4. Pt SolubilitysEquilibrium 4.3. Pt Dissolution under Nonequilibrium Conditions 4.3.1. Aqueous Electrolyte 4.3.2. Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells 4.3.3. Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells 4.3.4. Alloy Effects 4.4. Platinum Particle Growth Analysis 4.4.1. Particle Growth Analysis by XRD 4.4.2. Glancing Angle X-ray Diffraction Studies 4.4.3. Particle Growth Analysis by TEM Imaging 4.4.4. Particle Growth Mechanism 4.5. Corrosion of Catalyst Support 4.5.1. Carbon Corrosion in PEMFCs 4.5.2. Carbon Corrosion in PAFCs 4.5.3. Carbon Corrosion in Aqueous Solutions 4.5.4. Novel Support Materials 4.6. Novel Materials: Nonprecious Catalysts for PEMFC Cathodes 4.6.1. Carbides, Oxides, Oxynitrides, and Carbonitrides 4.6.2. Catalysts Derived from Macrocycles, Porphyrins, and Composites 5. Gas Diffusion Layer (GDL) 5.1. Modeling of Transport Processes 5.2. Saturation and GDL Surface Properties 5.3. Degradation of Mass Transport with Operation 5.3.1. GDL Hydrophobicity Loss 5.3.2. GDL Carbon Corrosion and Loss 5.3.3. Mechanical Degradation of GDLs 6. Summary 7. Acknowledgments 8. References |
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