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¡ï¡ï¡ï¡ï¡ï¡ï¡ï2014Êé¼®³¬¼¶ÌûËÄÁùËÄ¡¶Ô´ÓÚ×ÔÈ»Áé¸ÐµÄ²ÄÁÏÉè¼Æ¡·¸ßÇ庣ÍâÊé¼®
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¡ï¡ï¡ï¡ï¡ï¡ï¡ï2014Êé¼®³¬¼¶ÌûËÄÁù¶þ¡¶²ÄÁÏ¿ÆÑ§¹¤³Ì¡·2thÓ¢Îİæ²ÊÉ«²åͼ¸ß¼¶º£Íâ½Ì²Ä" target="_blank">http://muchong.com/bbs/viewthread.php?tid=7553784[/url] ÊéÃûMaterials Design Inspired by Nature ×÷ÕßHans-Jo¡§ rg Schneider, Saarland University, Germany Mohsen Shahinpoor, University of Maine, Ò³Êý420 ³ö°æÉç RSC PRESS ISBN: 978-1-84973-553-7 ISSN: 2046-0066 Chapter 1 Architectured Materials: An Alternative to Microstructure Control for Structural Materials Design? A Possible Playground for Bio-inspiration? 1 Yves J. M. Bre¡ächet 1.1 Introduction: Materials, Structure and Between 1 1.2 Examples of Engineering Architectured Materials 5 1.2.1 An Acoustic Absorber 5 1.2.2 A Radiant Burner 7 1.3 The Case for Bio-inspired Architectured Materials 9 1.4 Examples of Bio-inspiration 10 1.4.1 Challenge 1: Combine Strength, Ductility and Toughness 11 1.4.2 Challenge 2: Design a Stiff Sandwich Structure which can be Stamped and still Absorb Vibrations, while being Easy to Weld 11 1.4.3 Challenge 3: Design a High-temperature Material that is both Flexible and Damage Tolerant 12 1.5 The Stumbling Block: Processes 13 1.6 Conclusions 15 Acknowledgement 15 References 15 Chapter 2 Bone Structural Adaptation and Wolff¡¯s Law 17 Bettina Willie, Georg N. Duda and Richard Weinkamer 2.1 Introduction 17 RSC Smart Materials No. 4 Materials Design Inspired by Nature: Function through Inner Architecture Edited by Peter Fratzl, John W. C. Dunlop and Richard Weinkamer r The Royal Society of Chemistry 2013 Published by the Royal Society of Chemistry, www.rsc.org ix Downloaded Published on 24 May 2013 on http://pubs.rsc.org | doi:10.1039/9781849737555-FP009 2.2 Mechano Transduction in Bone 20 2.2.1 Bone (Re)Modelling and the Effector Cell Response 20 2.2.2 Mechanical¨CBiochemical Coupling 21 2.2.3 Signal Transmission 22 2.3 The Mechanical Loading of Bone in the Living Organism 25 2.4 The Structural Response of Bone: Controlled Animal Experiments 28 2.5 In Silico Experiments of the Control of Bone Remodelling 31 2.6 The Inversion of Wolff¡¯s Law: Conclusions on Locomotor Behaviour 34 2.7 Conclusions and Outlook 35 Acknowledgements 36 References 37 Chapter 3 Understanding Hierarchy and Functions of Bone Using Scanning X-ray Scattering Methods 46 Wolfgang Wagermaier, Aurelien Gourrier and Barbara Aichmayer 3.1 Introduction 46 3.1.1 Motivation and Objective 46 3.1.2 X-ray Scattering Applied to the Study of Biological Materials 47 3.1.3 Bone as a Model for a Hierarchically Structured Material 48 3.2 Bone Materials at the Nanoscale 49 3.2.1 Basic Principles of X-ray Scattering 49 3.2.2 Nanocrystal Structure in Bone: WAXS 50 3.2.3 Mineral Particle Size and Organization in the Collagen Matrix: SAXS 52 3.2.4 SAXS and WAXS of Precursor Phases Found in Bone 56 3.3 Understanding Specific Bone Functions by Investigating the Nanostructure in Combination with other Methods 57 3.3.1 Multi-Scale and Multi-physics Approach 57 3.3.2 Combining X-ray Scattering and Mechanical Testing 59 3.4 Revealing the Nanoscale Properties of Bone Tissues and Organs: Scanning SAXS/WAXS Imaging 61 3.4.1 Probing Hierarchy by Scanning 61 x Contents Downloaded Published on 24 May 2013 on http://pubs.rsc.org | doi:10.1039/9781849737555-FP009 View Online QQ½ØÍ¼20140619105818.png [ Last edited by À×¹âÔ on 2014-6-21 at 09:34 ] |
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