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yaoguiyang木虫 (小有名气)
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A crucial element of tissue engineering is to create a favorable extracellular microenvironment, mainly the extracellular matrix (ECM), to guide cell differentiation and tissue regeneration. The ECM imparts a wealth of biochemical and biomechanical cues, of which the latter can be presented in the form of nanotopography and matrix stiffness. Recent findings show that mammalian cells do respond to nanoscale features on synthetic surfaces. Our previous studies show that nanotopography can significantly influence cellular behavior ranging from morphological changes to differentiation. For example, we have demonstrated that nanotopography alone can upregulate the neuronal markers of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). A recent study has also demonstrated the important roles of topography in onedimensional and three-dimensional cell migration. In addition to topography, the extracellular microenvironment may also provide signaling cues to the anchorage-dependent cells via a feedback of local matrix stiffness. Matrix elasticity can direct hMSCs to differentiate into specific lineages: a soft matrix induces a neurogenic phenotype, while increasingly stiffer matrices inducemyogenic and osteogenic phenotypes accordingly. Taken together, the observations of nanotopography-induced and stiffnessdirected differentiation suggest that physical interactions between the cells and the extracellular environment, either in the form of topography or stiffness, or the combination thereof, can modulate cell function and stem cell differentiation. Increasing evidence indicates that cellular interaction with the ECM plays a critical role in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, gene expression and signal transduction. At the cellmatrix interface, the mechanical force interaction between the cell and ECM occurs through the focal adhesions (FAs), which link the ECM to the contractile cytoskeleton, thereby activating FA signaling pathways. |
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reko34
木虫 (正式写手)
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yaoguiyang: 金币+55, 翻译EPI+1, ★★★★★最佳答案 2014-06-19 15:46:45
yaoguiyang: 金币+55, 翻译EPI+1, ★★★★★最佳答案 2014-06-19 15:46:45
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组织工程学的一个关键元素是建立有利的细胞外微环境，主要为细胞外基质（ECM），以便引导细胞分化和组织再生。ECM给出大量生化和生物力学的提示，后者能以纳米形貌和基质基质硬度的形式表现。近期的研究发现，哺乳动物的细胞在合成表面上对纳米尺度的特性作出反应。我们之前的研究显示，纳米形貌从形态变化到分化显著影响细胞行为。例如我们展示了纳米形貌本身就能上调人间充质干细胞(hMSCs)的神经元标记。近期的研究也表明，地形在一维和三维细胞迁移中起重要作用。 除地形之外，细胞外环境也能通过局部基质硬度反馈对锚定依赖性细胞提供信号提示。基质弹性能引导hMSCs分化为具体的谱系：软基质诱发神经源型，而越来越硬的基质诱发肌源型及成骨型。总之，对纳米形貌诱发的和硬度引导的分化观测显示，细胞和细胞外环境之间相互的物理作用——以地形或硬度的形式或两者的组合——能调节细胞功能和干细胞分化。越来越多的证据显示，细胞与ECM的相互作用在调节细胞增殖、分化、基因表现和信号转换中起到关键作用。在细胞基质界面，细胞和ECM之间的机械力作用通过粘着斑(FAs)发生，将ECM连接到可收缩细胞骨架，由此触发FA信号通路。 |
2楼2014-06-19 15:10:03
yaoguiyang
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3楼2014-06-19 16:09:15
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