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《结构相变物理》( The Physics of Structural Phase Transitions ) Minoru Fujimoto
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目录 Preface to the Second Edition Preface to the First Edition Part I Basic Concepts 1 Thermodynamical Principles and the Landau Theory 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Phase Equilibria in Isotropic Systems 1.3 Phase Diagrams and Metastable States 1.4 The van der Waals Equation of State 1.5 Second-Order Phase Transitions and the Landau Theory 1.5.1 The Ehrenfest Classification 1.5.2 The Landau Theory 1.6 Susceptibilities and the Weiss Field 1.6.1 Susceptibility of an Order Parameter 1.6.2 The Weiss Field in a Ferromagic Domain 1.7 Critical Anomalies, Beyond Classical Thermodynamics 1.8 Remarks on Critical Exponents 2 Order Variables, Their Correlations and Statistics the Mean-FieldTheory 2.1 Order Variables 2.2 Probabilities, Short and Long-Range Correlations, and theMean-Field Approximation 2.2.1 Probabilities 2.2.2 The Concept of a Mean Field 2.3 Statistical Mechanics of an Order-Disorder Transition 2.4 The Ising Model for Spin-Spin Correlations 2.5 The Role of the Weiss Field in an Ordering Process 3 Collective Modes of Pseudospins in Displacive Crystals and theBorn-Huang Theory 3.1 Displacive Crystals 3.2 The Landau Criterion for Classical Fluctuations 3.3 Quantum-Mechanical Pseudospins and their CorrelatiOns 3.4 The Born-Huang Theory and Structural Ordering in Crystals 3.5 Collective Pseudospin Modes in Displacive Systems 3.6 Examples of Collective Pseudospin Modes 3.6.1 Strontium Titanate and Related Perovskites 3.6.2 Tris-Sacosine Calcium Chloride and Related Crystals 3.7 The Variation Principle and the Weiss Singularity 4 Soft Modes, Lattice Anharmonicity and Pseudospin Condensates inthe Critical Region 4.1 The Critical Modulation 4.2 The Lyddane-Sachs-Teller Relation 4.3 Long-Range Interactions and the Cochran Theory 4.4 The Quartic Anharmonic Potential in the Critical Region 4.4.1 The Cowley Theory of Mode Softening 4.4.2 Symmetry Change at a Continuous Phase Transition 4.5 Observation of Soft-Mode Spectra 4.6 The Central Peak 4.7 Symmetry-Breaking Fluctuations in Binary PhaseTransitions 4.8 Macroscopic Observation of a Binary Phase Transition;λ-anomalyof the Specific Heat 5 Dynamics of Pseudospins Condensates and the Long-RangeOrder 5.1 Imperfections in Practical Crystals 5.2 The Pinning Potential . 5.3 The Lifshitz Condition for Inmensurate Fluctuations 5.4 A Pseudopotential for Condensate Locking and CommensurateModulation 5.5 Propagation of a Collective Pseudospin Mode 5.6 A Hydrodynamic Model for Pseudospin Propagation 5.7 The Korteweg-deVries Equation 5.7.1 General Derivation 5.7.2 Solutions of the Korteweg-deVries Equation 5.8 Soliton Potentials and the Long-Range Order 5.9 Mode Stabilization by the Eckart Potential Part II Experimental Studies 6 Diffuse X-ray Diffraction and Neutron Inelastic Scattering fromModulated Crystals 6.1 Modulated Crystals 6.2 The Bragg Law of X-ray Diffraction 6.3 Diffuse Diffraction from Weakly Modulated Crystals 6.4 The Laue Formula and Diffuse Diffraction from Perovskites 6.5 Neutron Inelastic Scattering 7 Light Scattering and Dielectric Studies on Structural PhaseTransitions 7.1 Raman Scattering Studies on Structural Transitions 7.2 Rayleigh and Brillouin Scatterings 7.3 Dielectric Relaxation 7.4 Dielectric Spectra in the Ferroelectric Phase Transition ofTSCC 8 The Spin-Hamiltonian and Magic Resonance Spectroscopy 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Principles of Magic Resonance and Relaxation 8.3 Magic Resonance Spectrometers 8.4 The Crystalline Potential 8.5 The Zeeman Energy and the g Tensor 8.6 The Fine Structure 8.7 Hyperfine Interactions and Forbidden Transitions 9 Magic Resonance Sampling and Nuclear Spin Relaxation Studies onModulated Crystals 9.1 Paramagic Probes in a Modulated Crystal 9.2 The spin-Hamiltonian in Modulated Crystals 9.2.1 The g Tensor Anomaly 9.2.2 The Hyperfine Structure Anomaly 9.2.3 The Fine-Structure Anomaly 9.3 Structural Phase Transitions in TSCC and BCCD Crystals asStudied by Paramagic Resonance Spectra 9.3.1 The Ferroelectric Phase Transition in TSCC Crystals 9.3.2 Structural Phase Transitions in BCCD Crystals 9.4 Nuclear Quadrupole Relaxation in Inmensurate Phases 10 Structural Phase Transitions in Miscellaneous Systems 10.1 Cell-Doubling Transitions in Oxide Perovskites 10.2 The Inmensurate Phase in β-Thorium Tetrabromide 10.3 Phase Transitions in Deuterated Biphenyl Crystals 10.4 Successive Phase Transitions in A2BX4 Family Crystals 10.5 Inmensurate Phases in RbH3(SeO3)2 and Related Crystals 10.6 Phase Transitions in (NH4)2SO4 and NH4AlF4 10.7 Proton Ordering in Hydrogen-Bonded Crystals Epilogue Appendix The Adiabatic Approximation Index  |
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