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Chemical Reviews最新综述：石墨烯及其相关材料的电化学
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Electrochemistry of Graphene and Related Materials 共39页 引文477篇 Adriano Ambrosi, Chun Kiang Chua, Alessandra Bonanni, and Martin Pumera* Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University,Singapore 637371, Singapore Corresponding Author ：* E-mail: pumera@ntu.edu.sg; pumera.research@outlook.com. CONTENTS 1. Introduction A 2. Preparation of Graphene and Its Properties C 2.1. Top-down Methods C 2.1.1. Mechanical Exfoliation of Graphite C 2.1.2. Solution-Based Exfoliation of Graphite D 2.1.3. Electrochemical Exfoliation of Graphite E 2.1.4. Chemical Oxidation of Graphite, Exfoliation, and Reduction E 2.1.5. Opening/Unzipping Carbon Nanotubes: Graphene Nanoribbons G 2.1.6. Graphite and Carbon Nanotubes: Source of Impurities G 2.2. Bottom-up Methods H 2.2.1. Chemical Synthesis H 2.2.2. Epitaxial Growth on SiC H 2.2.3. Chemical Vapor Deposition H 2.2.4. 3D Graphene J 2.3. Processability of Graphene Materials J 2.4. Characterization Methods K 3. Electrochemistry at Graphene Surfaces L 3.1. Graphene and Heterogeneous Electron Transfer L 3.2. Inherent Electrochemical Activity of Graphene-Related Materials N 3.3. In fl uence of Dopants and Impurities on Graphene Electrochemistry O 3.4. Spectroelectrochemistry of Graphene P 4. Graphene in Electrochemical Sensing and Biosensing Q 4.1. Voltammetric and Amperometric Graphene Sensors and Biosensors Q 4.1.1. Analysis of Biomarkers Q 4.1.2. DNA Analysis R 4.1.3. Protein Analysis T 4.1.4. Cell Analysis T 4.1.5. Analysis of Heavy Metals T 4.1.6. Graphene in Security Applications U 4.2. Impedimetric Graphene Sensors and Biosensors: Toward Label-Free Detection U 4.2.1. DNA Analysis V 4.2.2. Protein Analysis V 4.2.3. Cell Analysis V 4.3. Potentiometric Graphene Sensors and Biosensors W 5. Graphene in Energy Systems W 5.1. Graphene for Capacitors and Supercapacitors W 5.2. Oxygen Reduction Reaction on Graphene Y 5.3. Graphene-Based Solar Cells Z 5.4. Graphene-Based Lithium Ion Batteries AB 6. Conclusion and Future Perspectives AD Appendix 1: IUPAC De fi nitions of Graphite, Graphene, and Amorphous Carbon AE Appendix 2: Overview of the Electrochemistry of Graphene, Graphite, and Graphene-Related Materials AE Author Information AE Corresponding Author AE Notes AE Biographies AE Acknowledgments AF References AF Sustainable energy production, environmentally sustainable development, and a ff ordable healthcare are three major challenges of the current global community. Electrochemistry is at the heart of many chemical and biological sensors, as well as energy storage and generation technologies. Electrochemistry utilizes energy in the cleanest possible form, as electricity, to collect or inject electrons through electrodes. New advanced materials are always sought after to improve the performances of existing devices or to create new disruptive technologies. Graphene and related materials bring new perspectives and prospects to electrochemical systems. The advantages of graphene for electrochemical devices are manyfold. The overall aim of this review is to provide a critical overview of our understanding on the electrochemistry of graphene and related materials. We will fi rst discuss the way how the graphene and related materials are prepared, since the methods have strong in fl uences on the materials properties. Consecutively, we describe how the fundamental electro- chemical properties of graphene are in fl uenced by the materials properties of graphene. Spectroelectrochemistry and its insight into graphene structure and function are discussed. We will demonstrate the role of dopants and impurities on graphene electrochemistry. We then focus on numerous application of graphene in electrochemical devices, starting with sensors and biosensors and continuing with energy storage and generation applications. We critically discuss the advantages and disadvantages of graphene-based systems and we outline future challenges.  |
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